Duffield Amy, Caplan Michael J, Muth Theodore R
Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.
Int Rev Cell Mol Biol. 2008;270:145-79. doi: 10.1016/S1937-6448(08)01404-4.
Epithelial cells line the lumens of organs and thus constitute the interface between the body's interior and exterior surfaces. This position endows these cells with the important task of regulating what enters and what is exported from the body. In order to accomplish this function, epithelia must have structurally and functionally distinct membrane surfaces: the apical surface exposed to the lumen, and the basolateral surface in contact with the laterally adjacent epithelial cells, and the connective tissue and capillary network below the epithelia. The specific lipid and protein contents of the apical and basolateral membrane surfaces are determined by a number of sorting and retention mechanisms. Many of these sorting and retention mechanisms are shared with other polarized cell types including neurons and certain cells of the immune system. This chapter focuses on recent advances in understanding how these various mechanisms facilitate the generation, maintenance, and dynamic regulation of protein and lipid trafficking within epithelial cells.
上皮细胞排列在器官的管腔内，因此构成了身体内表面和外表面之间的界面。这一位置赋予这些细胞调节进入和排出身体物质的重要任务。为了完成这一功能，上皮细胞必须具有结构和功能上不同的膜表面：暴露于管腔的顶端表面，以及与相邻上皮细胞、上皮下方的结缔组织和毛细血管网络接触的基底外侧表面。顶端和基底外侧膜表面的特定脂质和蛋白质成分由多种分选和保留机制决定。许多这些分选和保留机制与其他极化细胞类型（包括神经元和免疫系统的某些细胞）相同。本章重点介绍了在理解这些各种机制如何促进上皮细胞内蛋白质和脂质运输的产生、维持和动态调节方面的最新进展。
