Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
Biosci Rep. 2011 Aug;31(4):245-56. doi: 10.1042/BSR20100119.
Segregation of the apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains is the key distinguishing feature of epithelial cells. A series of interrelated cues and processes follow this primary polarization event, resulting in the morphogenesis of the mammalian epithelium. This review focuses on the role of the interactions between the extracellular matrix and neighbouring cells during the initiation and establishment of epithelial polarity, and the role that membrane transport and polarity complexes play in this process. An overview of the formation of the apical junctional complexes is given in relation to the generation of distinct membrane domains characterized by the asymmetric distribution of phosphoinositides and proteins. The mechanisms and machinery utilized by the trafficking pathways involved in the generation and maintenance of this apical-basolateral polarization are expounded, highlighting processes of apical-directed transport. Furthermore, the current proposed mechanisms for the organization of entire networks of cells into a structured, polarized three-dimensional structure are described, with an emphasis on the proposed mechanisms for the formation and expansion of the apical lumen.
质膜顶、基底侧区域的分隔是上皮细胞的主要特征之一。一系列相关的线索和过程紧随这一初始极化事件之后，导致了哺乳动物上皮的形态发生。本综述重点关注细胞外基质与相邻细胞之间的相互作用在启动和建立上皮极性中的作用，以及膜转运和极性复合物在这一过程中的作用。概述了顶端连接复合体的形成，涉及到具有独特膜域的不对称分布的磷酸肌醇和蛋白质的生成。阐述了参与生成和维持这种顶端-基底极性的运输途径所利用的机制和机制，突出了顶端导向运输的过程。此外，还描述了当前将整个细胞网络组织成具有结构的、极化的三维结构的拟议机制，重点介绍了顶端腔的形成和扩展的拟议机制。
