Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2008;120(19-20):587-98. doi: 10.1007/s00508-008-1061-y.
Zoonoses are diseases that are transmitted naturally between animals and humans. The control of food-borne zoonoses within the European Union is a prerequisite for assuring a functional internal market and consequently represents an important item on the political agenda. Unfortunately, until recently, gaining a clear view of the current incidence of food-borne zoonoses and the prevalence of its causative agents has been frustrated by the absence of reliable monitoring and reporting systems. Similarly, it has become clear that, Europe wide, one has witnessed only limited success with regard to the control of important food-borne agents such as Salmonella spp. The European Union has adopted legislation to remedy this situation and to control food-borne zoonoses in primary production. This contribution discusses the incentives for introducing EU Directive 2003/99/EC and EU Regulation No. 2160/2003, summarises their essentials and discusses major ramifications of both pieces of legislation for the prevention of food-borne zoonoses. It is concluded that there is reason for cautious optimism concerning human salmonellosis, while for other food-borne zoonoses there should be a call for action.
人畜共患病是指在动物和人类之间自然传播的疾病。在欧盟范围内控制食源性人畜共患病是确保内部市场正常运作的前提条件，因此也是政治议程上的一个重要项目。不幸的是，直到最近，由于缺乏可靠的监测和报告系统，人们仍然难以清楚地了解食源性人畜共患病的当前发病率及其病原体的流行情况。同样，人们也清楚地认识到，在欧洲范围内，在控制沙门氏菌等重要食源性病原体方面，仅取得了有限的成功。欧盟已通过立法来纠正这种情况，并控制初级生产中的食源性人畜共患病。本文讨论了引入欧盟指令 2003/99/EC 和欧盟法规 2160/2003 的动机，总结了它们的要点，并讨论了这两项立法对预防食源性人畜共患病的主要影响。结论是，人们有理由对人类沙门氏菌病持谨慎乐观的态度，而对于其他食源性人畜共患病，则应该采取行动。
