Walther Markus, Herold Dirk, Sinderhauf Angela, Morrison Robert
Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Orthopaedic Hospital Munich-Harlaching, Munich, Germany.
Foot Ankle Surg. 2008;14(4):180-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fas.2008.04.001. Epub 2008 Jul 7.
The child's foot is clearly distinct from the adult foot in its functional anatomy and ability to cope with pressure. This requires special considerations in the development of a children's sport shoe.
Medical and sport science databases were thoroughly searched for studies pertaining to the anatomy and biomechanics of children's feet during their development. With the data found, a list of requirements for the children's shoe was compiled.
Small children should have a sports shoe, which is as flexible as their own foot. The small impact forces during their sports activities make extra cushioning superfluous. During school age the connective tissue gains stability. The growing amount of sports activities, much of which is performed on hard indoor surfaces, enhances the need for cushioning. At the same time there is a growing necessity for adequate mechanical stimuli to help the muscles and bones develop. The strength of the connective tissue and the flexibility of the joints reach adult levels by the age of 15. In small shoes, the displacement of proportions can lead to improper positioning of the flex zone and thereby causing harmful stress on the foot. Cushioning elements are often oversized. Considering the wide range of anatomy in the child's foot, it is advisable to produce children's shoes in different widths.
The child's foot differs in anatomy and function from the adult foot. Children sport shoes should meet the child specific requirement.
儿童足部在功能解剖学和应对压力的能力方面与成人足部明显不同。这在儿童运动鞋的研发中需要特别考虑。
全面检索医学和运动科学数据库，查找有关儿童足部发育过程中的解剖学和生物力学的研究。根据所找到的数据，编制了儿童鞋的要求清单。
幼儿应该有一双与他们自己的脚一样灵活的运动鞋。他们体育活动中的小冲击力使得额外的缓冲变得多余。在学龄期，结缔组织获得稳定性。越来越多的体育活动，其中许多是在坚硬的室内地面上进行的，增加了对缓冲的需求。与此同时，对足够的机械刺激以帮助肌肉和骨骼发育的需求也在增加。结缔组织的强度和关节的灵活性在15岁时达到成人水平。在小鞋子中，比例的位移会导致弯曲区域的定位不当，从而对足部造成有害压力。缓冲元件往往过大。考虑到儿童足部解剖结构的广泛差异，生产不同宽度的儿童鞋是明智的。
儿童足部在解剖学和功能上与成人足部不同。儿童运动鞋应满足儿童的特定需求。
