Andreasen Mette Findal, Telving Rasmus, Birkler Rune Isak Dupont, Schumacher Bente, Johannsen Mogens
Section for Toxicology and Drug Analysis, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Aarhus, Brendstrupgaardsvej 100, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
Forensic Sci Int. 2009 Jan 10;183(1-3):91-6. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2008.11.001. Epub 2008 Dec 17.
This paper reports a fatal overdose case involving the potent hallucinogenic drug Bromo-Dragonfly (1-(8-bromobenzo[1,2-b; 4,5-b']difuran-4-yl)-2-aminopropane). In the present case, an 18-year-old woman was found dead after ingestion of a hallucinogenic liquid. A medico-legal autopsy was performed on the deceased, during which liver, blood, urine and vitreous humour were submitted for toxicological examination. Bromo-Dragonfly was identified in the liver blood using UPLC-TOFMS, and was subsequently quantified in femoral blood (0.0047 mg/kg), urine (0.033 mg/kg) and vitreous humour (0.0005 mg/kg) using LC-MS/MS. Calibration standards were prepared from Bromo-Dragonfly isolated from a bottle found next to the deceased. The structure and purity of the isolated compound were unambiguously determined from analysis of UPLC-TOFMS, GC-MS, HPLC-DAD, (1)H and (13)C NMR data and by comparison to literature data. The autopsy findings were non-specific for acute poisoning. However, based on the toxicological findings, the cause of death was determined to be a fatal overdose of Bromo-Dragonfly, as no ethanol and no therapeutics or other drugs of abuse besides Bromo-Dragonfly were detected in the liver, blood or urine samples from the deceased. To our knowledge, this is the first report of quantification of Bromo-Dragonfly in a biological specimen from a deceased person. This case caused the drug to be classified as an illegal drug in Denmark on 5th December 2007.
本文报道了一起涉及强效致幻药物溴蜻蜓（1-(8-溴苯并[1,2-b;4,5-b']二呋喃-4-基)-2-氨基丙烷）的致命过量用药案例。在本案例中，一名18岁女性在摄入一种致幻液体后被发现死亡。对死者进行了法医尸检，在此过程中采集了肝脏、血液、尿液和玻璃体液进行毒理学检查。使用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法在肝脏血液中鉴定出了溴蜻蜓，随后使用液相色谱-串联质谱法对股动脉血（0.0047毫克/千克）、尿液（0.033毫克/千克）和玻璃体液（0.0005毫克/千克）中的溴蜻蜓进行了定量分析。校准标准品由从死者身旁发现的一瓶溴蜻蜓中分离得到的样品制备而成。通过超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法、氢核磁共振谱和碳核磁共振谱数据的分析，并与文献数据进行比较，明确确定了分离出的化合物的结构和纯度。尸检结果对于急性中毒并无特异性。然而，基于毒理学检查结果，确定死因是溴蜻蜓致命过量，因为在死者的肝脏、血液或尿液样本中未检测到乙醇以及除溴蜻蜓之外的治疗药物或其他滥用药物。据我们所知，这是首次报道在死者生物样本中对溴蜻蜓进行定量分析。该案例导致溴蜻蜓于2007年12月5日在丹麦被列为非法药物。
