Pinchot Scott N, Holen Kyle, Sippel Rebecca S, Chen Herbert
Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
Oncologist. 2008 Dec;13(12):1255-69. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0207. Epub 2008 Dec 17.
Carcinoid tumors are rare, slow-growing neuroendocrine tumors arising from the enterochromaffin cells disseminated throughout the gastrointestinal and bronchopulmonary systems. Though they have been traditionally classified based on embryologic site of origin, morphologic pattern, and silver affinity, newer classification systems have been developed to emphasize the considerable clinical and histopathologic variability of carcinoid tumors found within each embryologic site of origin. These neoplasms pose a diagnostic challenge because they are often innocuous at the time of presentation, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary diagnostic approach using biochemical analysis, standard cross-sectional imaging, and newer advances in nuclear medicine. Similarly, treatment of both primary and disseminated carcinoid disease reflects the need for a multidisciplinary approach, with surgery remaining the only curative modality. The prognosis for patients with these tumors is generally favorable; however, it can be quite variable and is related to the location of the primary tumor, extent of metastatic disease at initial presentation, and time of diagnosis.
类癌肿瘤是罕见的、生长缓慢的神经内分泌肿瘤，起源于遍布胃肠道和支气管肺系统的肠嗜铬细胞。尽管传统上它们是根据胚胎起源部位、形态模式和嗜银性进行分类的，但已开发出新的分类系统，以强调在每个胚胎起源部位发现的类癌肿瘤具有相当大的临床和组织病理学变异性。这些肿瘤构成了诊断挑战，因为它们在出现时通常无害，这突出了使用生化分析、标准横断面成像和核医学新进展进行多学科诊断方法的必要性。同样，原发性和播散性类癌疾病的治疗也反映了多学科方法的必要性，手术仍然是唯一的治愈方式。这些肿瘤患者的预后通常较好；然而，它可能有很大差异，并且与原发性肿瘤的位置、初次就诊时转移性疾病的范围以及诊断时间有关。
