Keifer Matthew, Salazar Mary K, Connon Catherine
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fam Community Health. 2009 Jan-Mar;32(1):34-47. doi: 10.1097/01.FCH.0000342815.49649.46.
Orchard workers are a population at risk for serious and disabling occupational injuries and illnesses. The purpose of this descriptive, exploratory study was to gather information about orchard workers' perceptions and experiences related to their work to better understand factors that contribute to their occupational risk. The sample consisted of 180 Hispanic orchard workers from 3 counties in Washington State; about a third of these reported at least 1 occupational injury. A Likert scale was used to gather workers' perceptions about individual, work-related, and environmental factors that have the potential to contribute to the occurrence of occupational injuries and illnesses. Psychosocial factors emerged as particularly important influences on workers' health and safety. Injured workers were more likely than noninjured workers to feel (1) that they are more likely to be fired, (2) that the "boss cares more about the fruit than the worker," (3) that their employer was demanding, and (4) that orchard work was dangerous. There is a compelling need to develop and test interventions that address factors that adversely affect orchard workers' health and safety.
果园工人是面临严重致残职业伤害和疾病风险的人群。这项描述性探索性研究的目的是收集有关果园工人对其工作的看法和经历的信息，以便更好地了解导致其职业风险的因素。样本包括来自华盛顿州3个县的180名西班牙裔果园工人；其中约三分之一的人报告至少有1次职业伤害。采用李克特量表收集工人对可能导致职业伤害和疾病发生的个人、工作相关和环境因素的看法。社会心理因素对工人的健康和安全产生了特别重要的影响。与未受伤的工人相比，受伤的工人更有可能感到：（1）他们更有可能被解雇；（2）“老板更关心水果而不是工人”；（3）他们的雇主要求苛刻；（4）果园工作很危险。迫切需要开发和测试针对那些对果园工人健康和安全产生不利影响的因素的干预措施。
