Qian Yi-Shan, Chu Ren-Yuan, He Ji C, Sun Xing-Huai, Zhou Xing-Tao, Zhao Nai-Qing, Hu Dan-Ning, Hoffman Matthew R, Dai Jin-Hui, Qu Xiao-Mei, Pao Kristina E Yi-Hwa
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009 Apr;50(4):1598-605. doi: 10.1167/iovs.07-1362. Epub 2008 Dec 20.
To investigate the influence of color vision on myopia development by testing refraction error and axial length of the eye for high school students with and without color vision deficiency (CVD).
A school-based cross-sectional, cluster sample study was conducted to test the color vision and refractive error of 16,539 high school students. Students were screened for CVD using a pseudoisochromatic plate. CVD was confirmed in students failing the test using a Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test which also served to classify the subtype (protan or deutan). Three classmates of each CVD subject, matched in five myopia risk factors, were chosen to form the normal color vision (CN) control group. Ophthalmic examinations were performed to determine refractive status and axial length.
Of the students, 309 were found to have red-green CVD and 927 were selected as the CN control group. The prevalence of myopia in the CVD group (45.6%) was significantly lower than that of the CN group (65.8%; P<0.001). The CVD group was also less myopic in refraction (P<0.001) than CN, and protan subjects had shorter axial lengths than those in the control group (P=0.007).
Color vision deficiencies appear to influence the development of myopia. The observed lower incidence of myopia in people with CVD may be linked to the reduced functionality of the L/M chromatic mechanism.
通过检测有无色觉缺陷（CVD）的高中生的屈光不正和眼轴长度，研究色觉对近视发展的影响。
开展一项基于学校的横断面整群抽样研究，以检测16539名高中生的色觉和屈光不正情况。使用假同色图对学生进行CVD筛查。对筛查未通过的学生，使用Farnsworth-Munsell 100色调试验进行确认，该试验还用于对亚型（红色弱或绿色弱）进行分类。为每个CVD受试者选择三名在五个近视风险因素上相匹配的同学，组成正常色觉（CN）对照组。进行眼科检查以确定屈光状态和眼轴长度。
在这些学生中，发现309人患有红绿色CVD，927人被选为CN对照组。CVD组的近视患病率（45.6%）显著低于CN组（65.8%；P<0.001）。CVD组的屈光不正程度也低于CN组（P<0.001），红色弱受试者的眼轴长度比对照组短（P=0.007）。
色觉缺陷似乎会影响近视的发展。观察到的CVD患者近视发病率较低可能与L/M色觉机制功能降低有关。
