Geywitz C, Graw M, Mallach H J
Institut für Gerichtliche Medizin, Universität Tübingen.
Blutalkohol. 1991 Jul;28(4):193-209.
In this new epidemiological investigation, it is first of all observed that the proportion of chemical toxicological investigations instituted by the police in the area served by the Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Tübingen, has not risen despite increases in the use or abuse of drugs and alcohol consumption although 80 per cent of those concerned are car and motorcycle drivers. On the other hand, is has been noticed in recent years that such investigations are instituted especially when the level of blood alcohol measured does not explain the actual condition of the person concerned. Just under 20 per cent of the affected persons denied consumption of a drug, and more than half admitted the use of a drug. Just under one fifth admitted using two drugs. The remainder used three and four agents. In about half of all cases, the statements were confirmed by the result of the chemical toxicological investigations. In contrast to an investigations of our own, the confirmation of the admissions does not correlate with the rising blood alcohol content. About 63 per cent of the 676 cases investigated had taken analgesics, beta blockers or calcium antagonists, hypnotics or sedatives, gastrointestinal agents and psychoactive agents. The percentage of active agents from the benzodiazepine group, which is subject to the Narcotics Law, is especially great. Finally, the blood and urinary levels of benzodiazepines and individual psychoactive agents measured as well as the pertinent blood and urinary alcohol values were compared with the constellations described in the medical examination and the divergences from the data obtained experimentally are discussed.
在这项新的流行病学调查中，首先观察到，尽管毒品使用或滥用以及酒精消费有所增加，但在图宾根大学法医学研究所服务区域内，警方开展的化学毒理学调查比例并未上升，尽管80%的相关人员是汽车和摩托车驾驶员。另一方面，近年来人们注意到，此类调查特别是在测得的血液酒精含量无法解释相关人员实际状况时才会开展。略低于20%的受影响人员否认使用过毒品，超过一半的人承认使用过毒品。略低于五分之一的人承认使用过两种毒品。其余的人使用了三种和四种药物。在所有案例中，约一半案例的陈述得到了化学毒理学调查结果的证实。与我们自己的一项调查不同，供认的确认与不断上升的血液酒精含量并无关联。在676例被调查案例中，约63%的人服用过镇痛药、β受体阻滞剂或钙拮抗剂、催眠药或镇静剂、胃肠道药物和精神活性药物。受《麻醉品法》管制的苯二氮䓬类活性药物的比例尤其高。最后，将测得的苯二氮䓬类药物和个别精神活性药物的血液和尿液水平以及相关的血液和尿液酒精值与医学检查中描述的情况进行了比较，并讨论了与实验数据的差异。
