Dubey Y, Gujer H R
Institut für Rechtsmedizin, Universität Lausanne.
Blutalkohol. 1993 Sep;30(5):266-89.
The canton of Vaud is one of the major wine-growing areas of Switzerland. The driving ban rate for drunk driving is the highest in the country. This is the result of the very important rise in the number of drivers intercepted by the police for drunk driving (accidentless cases), in the course of the last ten years (+260%). In order to find out what penal and administrative measures were taken against drunk drivers (those who did not commit an accident), a comparative retrospective study of the offenses committed in the area of Lausanne and in rural area of the canton of Vaud (La Broye) was undertaken. This study deals with the years of 1970 and 1989. In a parallel, the average blood alcohol concentration (BAC) value, relative distribution of the BAC (frequency profile), and the concordance between the doctor's medical examination and the suspect's BAC were studied. Our results demonstrate that only the urban area (Lausanne) showed a significant increase in the drunk-driving offenses without accident, resulting in a significant decrease in the average BAC value as well as a veering towards the left of the BAC frequency profile curve. The legal sanctions and the administrative measures diverge according to the different areas, the most striking fact is the lowering of the average term of imprisonment for second-time or multiple offenders in the study group of Lausanne. The results of the clinical examination undertaken by the doctor at the moment of the blood test have shown that there is often a difference between the clinical evaluation and the actual BAC: for a BAC of 2 to 3/1000, the objective clinical symptoms of drunkenness (Romberg, unstable gait, coordination troubles) are noticed in only half of the cases. As a result, the assessment is no longer based on objective criteria but on subjective criteria as well as on the life-style of a certain period. In conclusion it is our belief that the efforts made by the vaudois police (especially in urban areas) should be pursued further, since positive results are apparent. The Judiciary system should however rebalance the sanctions delivered to drunk-drivers, showing greater severity towards second-time or multiple offenders.
沃州是瑞士主要的葡萄酒产区之一。该州因酒驾而实施的禁驾率在全国最高。这是过去十年间警方截获的酒驾司机（无事故情况）数量大幅上升（增长260%）的结果。为了查明针对酒驾司机（未发生事故者）采取了哪些刑事和行政措施，对洛桑地区和沃州农村地区（拉布罗耶）所犯的罪行进行了一项比较性回顾研究。这项研究涉及1970年和1989年。同时，还研究了平均血液酒精浓度（BAC）值、BAC的相对分布（频率分布）以及医生体检与嫌疑人BAC之间的一致性。我们的结果表明，只有市区（洛桑）无事故酒驾犯罪显著增加，导致平均BAC值显著下降，且BAC频率分布曲线向左偏移。法律制裁和行政措施因地区而异，最显著的事实是洛桑研究组中二次或多次酒驾者的平均监禁期限有所降低。医生在血液检测时进行的临床检查结果表明，临床评估与实际BAC之间往往存在差异：对于BAC为2至3/1000的情况，只有一半的案例能观察到醉酒的客观临床症状（闭目难立征、步态不稳、协调障碍）。因此，评估不再仅基于客观标准，还基于主观标准以及特定时期的生活方式。总之，我们认为沃州警方（尤其是在市区）所做的努力应进一步推进，因为积极成果已很明显。然而，司法系统应重新平衡对酒驾司机的制裁，对二次或多次酒驾者更加严厉。
