Clinical and Osteoporosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Department of Orthopaedics, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Food Nutr Res. 2008;52. doi: 10.3402/fnr.v52i0.1871. Epub 2008 Oct 1.
The incidence of fragility fractures has increased during the last half of the 1990's. One important determinant of fractures is the bone mineral content (BMC) or bone mineral density (BMD), the amount of mineralised bone. If we could increase peak bone mass (the highest value of BMC reached during life) and/or decrease the age-related bone loss, we could possibly improve the skeletal resistance to fracture.
This review evaluates the importance of exercise as a strategy to improve peak bone mass, including some aspects of nutrition.
PUBLICATIONS WITHIN THE FIELD WERE SEARCHED THROUGH MEDLINE (PUBMED) USING THE SEARCH WORDS: exercise, physical activity, bone mass, bone mineral content, bone mineral density, BMC, BMD, skeletal structure and nutrition. We included studies dealing with exercise during growth and young adolescence. We preferably based our inferences on randomised controlled trials (RCT), which provide the highest level of evidence.
Exercise during growth increases peak bone mass. Moderate intensity exercise intervention programs are beneficial for the skeletal development during growth. Adequate nutrition must accompany the exercise to achieve the most beneficial skeletal effects by exercise.
Exercise during growth seems to enhance the building of a stronger skeleton through a higher peak bone mass and a larger bone size.
在 20 世纪 90 年代的后半期，脆性骨折的发病率有所增加。骨折的一个重要决定因素是骨矿物质含量（BMC）或骨密度（BMD），即矿化骨的量。如果我们能够增加峰值骨量（一生中达到的 BMC 的最高值）和/或减少与年龄相关的骨质流失，我们可能会提高骨骼对骨折的抵抗力。
本综述评估了运动作为提高峰值骨量的策略的重要性，包括营养的某些方面。
通过使用搜索词“锻炼、体育活动、骨量、骨矿物质含量、骨矿物质密度、BMC、BMD、骨骼结构和营养”在 Medline（PubMed）中搜索该领域的出版物。我们纳入了涉及生长和青少年时期运动的研究。我们最好基于随机对照试验（RCT）进行推断，因为 RCT 提供了最高水平的证据。
生长过程中的运动可以增加峰值骨量。适度的强度运动干预计划对生长过程中的骨骼发育有益。为了通过运动获得最有益的骨骼效果，必须有足够的营养伴随运动。
生长过程中的运动似乎通过更高的峰值骨量和更大的骨量来增强更强壮的骨骼的形成。
