Wout Daryl A, Shih Margaret J, Jackson James S, Sellers Robert M
Department of Psychology, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York, New York, NY 10019, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Feb;96(2):349-62. doi: 10.1037/a0012880.
Research on stereotype threat has demonstrated that when targets are forced to contend with the threat of being negatively stereotyped, their academic performance suffers (C. M. Steele & J. Aronson, 1995). The present research explored how the targets of negative stereotypes determine when they must contend with this threat. Across 5 experiments, the authors manipulated both the possibility and probability that Black and female students would be stereotyped as unintelligent prior to taking an analytical test. Collectively, these experiments showed that these students contended with stereotype threat only when they perceived that it was both possible and probable that they would be negatively stereotyped. The authors discuss the implications of these findings on the experience of being the target of negative stereotypes and on the academic achievement of Blacks and women.
关于刻板印象威胁的研究表明，当目标群体被迫应对被负面刻板印象看待的威胁时，他们的学业表现会受到影响（C.M. 斯蒂尔和J. 阿伦森，1995）。本研究探讨了负面刻板印象的目标群体如何确定他们何时必须应对这种威胁。在5项实验中，作者在黑人学生和女生进行分析测试之前，对他们被刻板印象为不聪明的可能性和概率进行了操控。总体而言，这些实验表明，只有当这些学生认为他们有可能且很可能会被负面刻板印象看待时，他们才会应对刻板印象威胁。作者讨论了这些发现对成为负面刻板印象目标群体的体验以及对黑人和女性学业成就的影响。
