Burton A Mike, Bindemann Markus, Langton Stephen R H, Schweinberger Stefan R, Jenkins Rob
Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2009 Feb;35(1):108-18. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.35.1.108.
The direction of another person's gaze is difficult to ignore when presented at the center of attention. In 6 experiments, perception of unattended gaze was investigated. Participants made directional (left-right) judgments to gazing-face or pointing-hand targets, which were accompanied by a distractor face or hand. Processing of the distractor was assessed via congruency effects on target response times. Congruency effects were found from the direction of distractor hands but not from the direction of distractor gazes (Experiment 1). This pattern persisted even when distractor sizes were increased to compensate for their peripheral presentation (Experiments 2 and 5). In contrast, congruency effects were exerted by profile heads (Experiments 3 and 4). In Experiment 6, isolated eye region distractors produced no congruency effects, even when they were presented near the target. These results suggest that, unlike other facial information, gaze direction cannot be perceived outside the focus of attention.
当他人的注视方向出现在注意力中心时，很难被忽视。在6项实验中，对未被注意的注视的感知进行了研究。参与者对注视的面部或指示的手部目标做出方向（左右）判断，这些目标伴有干扰面孔或手部。通过干扰物对目标反应时间的一致性效应来评估干扰物的处理情况。发现干扰物手部的方向会产生一致性效应，但干扰物注视的方向则不会（实验1）。即使将干扰物的大小增加以补偿其周边呈现，这种模式仍然持续存在（实验2和5）。相比之下，侧面头部会产生一致性效应（实验3和4）。在实验6中，即使孤立的眼部区域干扰物靠近目标呈现，也不会产生一致性效应。这些结果表明，与其他面部信息不同，注视方向在注意力焦点之外无法被感知。
