Martel D, Monier M N, Roche D, Psychoyos A
Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Reproduction, Hôpital de Bicêtre, le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.
Hum Reprod. 1991 Apr;6(4):597-603. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137386.
The uterine luminal epithelium during the period of receptivity for nidation displays characteristic protrusions of the apical surface named pinopodes. The effects of oestradiol and progesterone, singly or in combination, on the formation and regression of pinopodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The appearance of pinopodes was found to be strictly progesterone dependent. When given together with progesterone, before the development of pinopodes, high doses of oestradiol (plasma level approximately 300 pmol/l) inhibited pinopode formation; on the contrary, low doses of oestradiol (nidatory doses) did not interfere with the process until the 4th day of treatment. When oestradiol was given as a single injection, after pinopode formation, both doses were equivalent in inducing their regression 48-72 h later. It appears that the hormonal conditioning for pinopode formation and for the development of uterine receptivity for egg implantation is the same. These observations support the hypothesis that pinopodes could be an extremely useful tool to estimate uterine receptivity. The experiments we describe here, together with observations made a few years ago, in stimulated cycles in the human, suggest that implantation failure as a result of a hormonal imbalance during the time intervening between ovulation and nidation, may be a general phenomenon.
在着床接受期，子宫腔上皮会出现顶端表面的特征性突起，称为微绒毛。采用扫描电子显微镜研究了雌二醇和孕酮单独或联合使用对微绒毛形成和消退的影响。发现微绒毛的出现严格依赖于孕酮。在微绒毛出现之前，当与孕酮一起给予高剂量雌二醇（血浆水平约为300 pmol/l）时，会抑制微绒毛的形成；相反，低剂量雌二醇（着床剂量）在治疗第4天之前不会干扰这一过程。当单独注射雌二醇时，在微绒毛形成后，两种剂量在48 - 72小时后诱导其消退的效果相当。看来，微绒毛形成和子宫对卵子着床接受性发育的激素调节是相同的。这些观察结果支持这样一种假设，即微绒毛可能是评估子宫接受性的一种极其有用的工具。我们在此描述的实验，以及几年前在人类刺激周期中的观察结果表明，在排卵和着床之间的时间间隔内，由于激素失衡导致的着床失败可能是一种普遍现象。
