Janex-Habibi Marie-Laure, Huyard Alain, Esperanza Mar, Bruchet Auguste
CIRSEE, SUEZ-ENVIRONNEMENT, 38 rue du Président Wilson, 78230 Le Pecq, France.
Water Res. 2009 Apr;43(6):1565-76. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.051. Epub 2009 Jan 18.
The occurrence and fate of four estrogens and five alkylphenolic compounds were studied in thirteen plants with various treatment processes, sizes and countries. Complete load mass balance, including water and sludge phases, has shown a high reduction of the total load of hormones, around 90%. The removal of alkylphenols was more variable, due to the degradation of nonylphenol (NP) precursors - alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APnEO) - during the treatment, resulting in significant production of shorter and toxic alkylphenols (NP and short polyethoxylates) that concentrate in the sludges. Under anaerobic conditions, such as anaerobic digestion process, the load of NP was in most cases observed to increase. When considering the environmental impact, the high reduction of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC) concentrations between raw wastewater and effluent enables to satisfy the requirements of the Water Framework Directive for NP except in very critical situations where the dilution factor of the effluent in the river would be lower than 7. For sludges, the pending European Directive on spreading of sludge on land would be complied with in all cases.
对13家采用不同处理工艺、规模各异且位于不同国家的工厂中的4种雌激素和5种烷基酚类化合物的发生情况及归宿进行了研究。包括水相和污泥相在内的完整负荷质量平衡表明，激素总负荷有很高的削减量，约为90%。烷基酚的去除情况变化更大，这是因为在处理过程中壬基酚（NP）的前体——烷基酚聚乙氧基化物（APnEO）发生了降解，导致大量生成更短且有毒的烷基酚（NP和短链聚乙氧基化物）并在污泥中富集。在厌氧条件下，如厌氧消化过程，多数情况下会观察到NP负荷增加。考虑到环境影响，原废水和出水之间内分泌干扰化合物（EDC）浓度的大幅降低使得除了在出水在河流中的稀释倍数低于7这种非常关键的情况下，能够满足《水框架指令》对NP的要求。对于污泥而言，在所有情况下都将符合即将出台的欧洲关于污泥土地施用的指令。
