Fareed M F, Haroon A M, Rabeh S A
Department of Home Economic, Faculty of Specific Education, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2008 Nov 1;11(21):2454-63. doi: 10.3923/pjbs.2008.2454.2463.
The antimicrobial activities of aqueous and organic solvents (chloroform, ethanol and methanol) extracts of four plants Ceratophyllum demersum L., Eichhornia crassipes, Potamogeton crispus and Potamogeton pectinatus were tested in vitro against seventeen different microorganisms including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. Nine of these identified organisms were obtained from different sources, Bacillus subtilis 1020, Bacillus cereus 1080, Staphylococcus aureus, Erwinia carotovora NCPPB 312, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium italicum. The other eight organisms were isolated from Manzalah lake water and identified using API 20E strip system (BioMereux). One hundred pathogenic bacterial isolates representing eight genera were identified to species level. These organisms are Escherichia coli (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), Salmonella colerasuis (13%), Shigella sp. (11%), Serratia liquefaciens (10%), Proteus vulgaris (9%) and Brenneria nigrifluens (7%). The extracts of all tested plants demonstrated antimicrobial activity against the used organisms. The efficiency of the extracts varied with, solvent used in the extraction as well as plant species and the part of plant used. The aqueous extract appeared to be the highly effective extract against all tested organisms especially Fusarium oxysporum causing inhibition zone 48 +/- 0.01 mm, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 59 +/- 0.02 mm and Salmonella cholerasuis 55 +/- 0.01 mm when using P. crispus, P. pectinatus and C. demersum, respectively. Ethanol extracts of C. demersum, P. crispus and E. crassipes root showed antimicrobial activities against all tested organisms except Aspergillus niger. At the same time the extract of P. pectinatus had no effect also on Fusarium oxysporum and the extract of E. crassipes leaves have no effect on Penicillium italicum. On using chloroform extracts Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium italicum showed resistance. Comparing the effect of different plants extracts C. demersum appeared to be the most effective followed by P. pectinatus. Furthermore, the extracts of E. crassipes leaves being more effective than that, of its roots. Elemental analysis were also takes place in water and plant samples and the results revealed the presence of Mn and Pb in higher concentration in P. pectinatus (Mn 603 +/- 4.243 ppm and Pb 44 +/- 2.828 ppm), at the same time the highest values of Fe 1680 +/- 2.2 ppm, Zn 31.5 +/- 2.1 ppm and Cu 26.5 +/- 2.1 ppm were recorded for C. demersum. Comparing the two parts of E. crassipes (leaves and roots), the roots have the highest values of all studied metals.
对金鱼藻、凤眼莲、菹草和龙须眼子菜这四种植物的水提取物以及有机溶剂（氯仿、乙醇和甲醇）提取物进行了体外抗菌活性测试，受试对象为17种不同的微生物，包括革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌。其中9种已鉴定的微生物来自不同来源，分别是枯草芽孢杆菌1020、蜡样芽孢杆菌1080、金黄色葡萄球菌、胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌NCPPB 312、白色念珠菌、热带念珠菌、黑曲霉、尖孢镰刀菌和意大利青霉。另外8种微生物是从曼宰莱湖水中分离出来的，并使用API 20E试条系统（生物梅里埃公司）进行鉴定。代表8个属的100株致病细菌分离株被鉴定到种水平。这些微生物分别是大肠杆菌（20%）、铜绿假单胞菌（16%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（14%）、猪霍乱沙门氏菌（13%）、志贺氏菌属（11%）、液化沙雷氏菌（10%）、普通变形杆菌（9%）和黑流布伦纳菌（7%）。所有受试植物的提取物均对所用微生物表现出抗菌活性。提取物的效率因提取所用溶剂、植物种类以及植物部位的不同而有所差异。水提取物似乎对所有受试微生物最为有效；尤其是使用菹草、龙须眼子菜和金鱼藻时，对尖孢镰刀菌的抑菌圈为48±0.01毫米、对铜绿假单胞菌为59±0.02毫米、对猪霍乱沙门氏菌为55±0.01毫米。金鱼藻、菹草和凤眼莲根乙醇提取物对除黑曲霉外的所有受试微生物均表现出抗菌活性。同时，龙须眼子菜提取物对尖孢镰刀菌也无作用，凤眼莲叶提取物对意大利青霉无作用。使用氯仿提取物时，大肠杆菌、黑曲霉和意大利青霉表现出抗性。比较不同植物提取物的效果，金鱼藻似乎最有效；其次是龙须眼子菜。此外，凤眼莲叶提取物比其根提取物更有效。还对水和植物样本进行了元素分析；结果显示，龙须眼子菜中锰和铅的浓度较高（锰603±4.243 ppm，铅44±2.828 ppm），同时，金鱼藻中铁、锌和铜的含量最高，分别为1680±2.2 ppm、31.5±2.1 ppm和26.5±2.1 ppm。比较凤眼莲的两个部位（叶和根），根中所有研究金属的含量最高。
