Centre for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Nesamony Memorial Christian College, Marthandam, Tamil Nadu, India.
Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012 Jan;5(1):52-7. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(11)60245-9.
To examine the ethanol, aqueous, chloroform, benzene, acetone and petroleum ether extracts of, Hemigraphis colorata (H. colorata) leaves and stem and Elephantopus scaber (E. scaber) leaves, root and flower for the presence of phyto-constituents and screened the anti-bacterial activity against the selected pathogens.
The fresh materials were shade dried and powdered using the tissue blender. The dried and powered materials (50 g) were extracted successively with 200 mL of aqueous, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, and petroleum ether by using Soxhlet extractor for 8 h at a temperature not exceeding the boiling point of the solvent. Aqueous, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, and petroleum ether extracts were prepared from powdered materials were used for preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial studies using standard methods.
The crude aqueous, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, and petroleum ether extracts E. scaber leaves, flower and root and H. colorata leaves and stem demonstrated that out of (5×6×12 = 360) tests for the presence or absence of the above compounds, 188 tests gave positive results and the remaining 172 gave negative results. The results of the phytochemical screening revealed that phenol (12/12), carbohydrates (9/12), steroids (8/12), saponins and coumarins (7/12), tannins (6/12), proteins (5/12), carboxylic acid and flavonoids (4/12), xanthoproteins (3/12) and alkaloids (2/12) presence in the crude aqueous, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, and petroleum ether extracts of H. colorata leaves and stem. The crude aqueous, acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, and petroleum ether extracts E. scaber leaves, flower and root displayed the presence of phenol (18/18), tannin (17/18), carbohydrates (16/18), steroids (14/18), carboxylic acid and coumarins (12/18), saponins (10/18), xanthoprotein (9/18), flavonoids (7/18), protein (4/18) and alkaloids (2/18). The root ethanolic extracts of E. scaber illustrated the highest zone of inhibition against three pathogens viz., Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (24 mm), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (16 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) (13 mm). The chlorofrom extracts of E. scaber showed the highest zone of inhibition against Bacillus cereus (B. cereus) (12 mm), The leaves ethanolic extracts of E. scaber demonstrated the highest zone of inhibition against three pathogens viz., Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (18 mm), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis) (17 mm), Salmonella Typhi (S. typhi) (14 mm) and Enterobacter sp. (11 mm) While the benzene extracts of H. colorata demonstrated maximum zone of inhibition against the pathogen Acinetobacter sp. (14 mm) and S. aureus (12 mm).
It is hoped that this study would direct to the establishment of some compounds that could be used to invent new and more potent antimicrobial drugs of natural origin.
研究了 Hemigraphis colorata（H. colorata）叶和茎以及 Elephantopus scaber（E. scaber）叶、根和花的乙醇、水、氯仿、苯、丙酮和石油醚提取物中是否存在植物成分，并筛选了这些提取物对选定病原体的抗菌活性。
新鲜材料在阴凉处干燥并用组织匀浆机粉碎。将干燥和粉碎的材料（50 g）分别用索氏提取器用 200 mL 水、丙酮、苯、氯仿、乙醇和石油醚在不超过溶剂沸点的温度下提取 8 小时。从粉末材料中制备的水、丙酮、苯、氯仿、乙醇和石油醚提取物用于使用标准方法进行初步植物化学和抗菌研究。
E. scaber 叶、花和根以及 H. colorata 叶和茎的粗制水、丙酮、苯、氯仿、乙醇和石油醚提取物的初步植物化学筛选结果表明，在（5×6×12 = 360）种上述化合物的存在或不存在的测试中，188 种测试呈阳性，其余 172 种测试呈阴性。植物化学筛选结果表明，粗制水、丙酮、苯、氯仿、乙醇和石油醚提取物中存在苯酚（12/12）、碳水化合物（9/12）、类固醇（8/12）、皂苷和香豆素（7/12）、单宁（6/12）、蛋白质（5/12）、羧酸和类黄酮（4/12）、黄蛋白（3/12）和生物碱（2/12）。E. scaber 叶、花和根的粗制水、丙酮、苯、氯仿、乙醇和石油醚提取物中存在苯酚（18/18）、单宁（17/18）、碳水化合物（16/18）、类固醇（14/18）、羧酸和香豆素（12/18）、皂苷（10/18）、黄蛋白（9/18）、类黄酮（7/18）、蛋白质（4/18）和生物碱（2/18）。E. scaber 的根乙醇提取物对三种病原体（金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）、大肠杆菌（E. coli）和铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa））表现出最高的抑菌圈抑制率，分别为 24、16 和 13 毫米。E. scaber 的氯仿提取物对蜡状芽孢杆菌（B. cereus）表现出最高的抑菌圈抑制率，为 12 毫米。E. scaber 的叶乙醇提取物对三种病原体（粪肠球菌（E. faecalis）、奇异变形杆菌（P. mirabilis）和伤寒沙门氏菌（S. typhi））表现出最高的抑菌圈抑制率，分别为 18、17 和 14 毫米，肠杆菌（Enterobacter sp.）为 11 毫米。而 H. colorata 的苯提取物对不动杆菌（Acinetobacter sp.）和金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）表现出最大的抑菌圈抑制率，分别为 14 和 12 毫米。
希望本研究能为发现新的、更有效的天然来源抗菌药物提供一些有价值的化合物。
