Wurtz Pascal, Mueri René M, Wiesendanger Mario
Perception and Eye Movement Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
Exp Brain Res. 2009 Apr;194(3):445-50. doi: 10.1007/s00221-009-1719-3. Epub 2009 Feb 10.
When sight-reading a piece of music the eyes constantly scan the score slightly ahead of music execution. This separation between reading and acting is commonly termed eye-hand span and can be expressed in two ways: as anticipation in notes or in time. Previous research, predominantly in piano players, found skill-dependent differences of eye-hand span. To date no study has explored visual anticipation in violinists. The present study investigated how structural properties of a piece of music affect the eye-hand span in a group of violinists. To this end eye movements and bow reversals were recorded synchronously while musicians sight-read a piece of music. The results suggest that structural differences of the score are reflected in the eye-hand span in a way similar to skill level. Specifically, the piece with higher complexity was associated with lower anticipation in notes, longer fixation duration and a tendency for more regressive fixations. Anticipation in time, however, remained the same (approximately 1 s) independently of the score played but was correlated with playing tempo. We conclude that the eye-hand span is not only influenced by the experience of the musician, but also by the structure of the score to be played.
视奏一段音乐时，眼睛会在实际演奏音乐之前不断地扫视乐谱。这种阅读与演奏之间的间隔通常被称为眼手跨度，它可以通过两种方式来表示：以音符预期或时间预期。先前的研究主要针对钢琴演奏者，发现眼手跨度存在技能依赖性差异。迄今为止，尚未有研究探讨小提琴演奏者的视觉预期。本研究调查了一段音乐的结构特性如何影响一组小提琴演奏者的眼手跨度。为此，在音乐家视奏一段音乐时，同步记录了他们的眼动和换弓情况。结果表明，乐谱的结构差异在眼手跨度中的体现方式与技能水平类似。具体而言，复杂度较高的乐曲与较低的音符预期、较长的注视持续时间以及更多的回视倾向相关。然而，时间预期保持不变（约1秒），与所演奏的乐谱无关，但与演奏速度相关。我们得出结论，眼手跨度不仅受音乐家经验的影响，还受所演奏乐谱结构的影响。
