Lindquist W Brent, Chase Ivan D
Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3600, USA.
Bull Math Biol. 2009 Apr;71(3):556-84. doi: 10.1007/s11538-008-9371-9. Epub 2009 Feb 10.
We review winner-loser models, the currently popular explanation for the occurrence of linear dominance hierarchies, via a three-part approach. (1) We isolate the two most significant components of the mathematical formulation of three of the most widely-cited models and rigorously evaluate the components' predictions against data collected on hierarchy formation in groups of hens. (2) We evaluate the experimental support in the literature for the basic assumptions contained in winner-loser models. (3) We apply new techniques to the hen data to uncover several behavioral dynamics of hierarchy formation not previously described. The mathematical formulations of these models do not show satisfactory agreement with the hen data, and key model assumptions have either little or no conclusive support from experimental findings in the literature. In agreement with the latest experimental results concerning social cognition, the new behavioral dynamics of hierarchy formation discovered in the hen data suggest that members of groups are intensely aware both of their own interactions as well as interactions occurring among other members of their group. We suggest that more adequate models of hierarchy formation should be based upon behavioral dynamics that reflect more sophisticated levels of social cognition.
我们通过三个部分的方法来回顾胜者-败者模型，这是目前对线性优势等级制度出现的流行解释。（1）我们分离出三个被广泛引用的模型的数学公式中两个最重要的组成部分，并根据在母鸡群体中收集的关于等级制度形成的数据，严格评估这些组成部分的预测。（2）我们评估文献中对胜者-败者模型所包含的基本假设的实验支持。（3）我们将新技术应用于母鸡数据，以揭示一些以前未描述过的等级制度形成的行为动态。这些模型的数学公式与母鸡数据没有显示出令人满意的一致性，并且关键的模型假设在文献中的实验结果中几乎没有或没有确凿的支持。与关于社会认知的最新实验结果一致，在母鸡数据中发现的等级制度形成的新行为动态表明，群体成员强烈意识到自己的互动以及群体中其他成员之间的互动。我们建议，更合适的等级制度形成模型应该基于反映更复杂社会认知水平的行为动态。
