Lakhashe Samir, Thakar Madhuri, Godbole Sheela, Tripathy Srikanth, Paranjape Ramesh
National AIDS Research Institute, G-73, MIDC, Bhosari, Pune 411 026, India.
J Biosci. 2008 Nov;33(4):515-25. doi: 10.1007/s12038-008-0070-3.
The year 1986 saw first case of HIV infection as well as first report of AIDS case in India. Since then the epidemic has spread throughout the country.In the recent years there is evidence of epidemic being stabilized with decrease in new infections reported from some parts of the country. The absolute number of HIV infections in the country is expected to be close to 2.5 million and National AIDS Control Programme, phase III is geared to contain the epidemic. HIV viruses circulating in India predominantly belong to HIV-1 subtype C. However, there have been occasional reports of HIV-1 subtype A and B. Matter of concern is reports of A/C and B/C mosaic viruses that are being reported from different parts of the country. The data on HIV drug resistance from India is rather limited. Most of the studies have shown that the virus strains from drug naive patients do not show significant level of drug resistance mutations. The few immunological studies in Indian patients show that the Indian HIV infected patients show both HIV-specific CTL responses as well as neutralizing antibody response. Mapping of CTL epitopes showed that while Indian patients identify same regions of Gag antigen as recognized by South African subtype C infected patients, some regions are uniquely recognized by Indian patients. There are very few studies on host genetic factors in India in context with HIV infection.However there are evidences reported of association of host genetic factors such as HLA types and haplotypes and HIV disease.
1986年，印度出现了首例HIV感染病例以及首例艾滋病病例报告。自那时起，疫情已蔓延至全国。近年来，有证据表明疫情趋于稳定，该国一些地区报告的新感染病例有所减少。预计该国HIV感染的绝对数量将接近250万，国家艾滋病控制项目第三阶段旨在控制疫情。在印度传播的HIV病毒主要属于HIV-1 C亚型。然而，偶尔也有关于HIV-1 A和B亚型的报告。令人担忧的是，该国不同地区都有A/C和B/C嵌合病毒的报告。来自印度的HIV耐药性数据相当有限。大多数研究表明，来自未接受过药物治疗患者的病毒株未显示出显著水平的耐药性突变。对印度患者进行的少数免疫学研究表明，印度HIV感染患者既表现出HIV特异性CTL反应，也表现出中和抗体反应。CTL表位图谱显示，虽然印度患者识别出的Gag抗原区域与南非C亚型感染患者识别的区域相同，但有些区域是印度患者特有的。在印度，针对HIV感染的宿主遗传因素的研究非常少。然而，有报告称存在宿主遗传因素，如HLA类型和单倍型与HIV疾病之间的关联。
