Physiology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
J Neuroendocrinol. 1990 Apr 1;2(2):113-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00840.x.
Abstract Vasopressin-sensitive neurons in the region of the anterior hypothalamus are necessary for the mediation of flank marking behavior in the Golden hamster. The precise nature of the vasopressinergic innervation to the anterior hypothalamus is unknown. In this study we seek to examine the potential sources of this innervation by mapping and counting the vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons that contribute to the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, and those that do not. Vasopressin-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus were visualized by immunocytochemistry. Sections were mapped with a computer-aided microscope system, and labeled neurons counted. Two-dimensional maps were stacked into a three-dimensional wireframe model which could be manipulated for further examination. The average number of vasopressin neurons was 3,135, with over 60% of all perikarya localized to the lateral supraoptic nucleus. In a double-labeling study, neurons contributing to the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system were retrogradely labeled by the injection of horseradish peroxidase into the neurohypophysis. The enzyme reaction product was visualized by treatment with tetramethylbenzidine followed by nickel-conjugated diaminobenzidine. Sections were subsequently stained for vasopressin by immunocytochemistry. Single- and double-stained neurons from serial sections were mapped and counted. Wireframe and contoured three-dimensional representations were generated. The average number of neurons projecting to the neurohypophysis was 5,619. However, an average of 981 neurons was immunoreactive to vasopressin but devoid of horseradish peroxidase. The greatest number of these non-projecting perikarya were found in and around the anterior hypothalamus, localized primarily in the lateral and medial aspect of the supraoptic nuclei, the ventral area of the paraventricular nucleus, and the nucleus circularis. By comparing the number of non-projecting neurons found by double-staining to the total cell count of the entire vasopressin system, it was estimated that approximately 30% of all vasopressin neurons in and around the anterior hypothalamus did not project to the neurohypophysis. Based on the distribution and localization of the non-projecting perikarya, it is speculated that these neurons may provide neurotransmitter for vasopressin-dependent flank marking in the male Golden hamster.
在前下丘脑区域中的血管加压素敏感神经元对于金黄仓鼠的侧斑标记行为的介导是必要的。血管加压素能神经支配前下丘脑的确切性质尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们试图通过绘制和计数对下丘脑-神经垂体系统有贡献的和没有贡献的血管加压素免疫反应神经元，来研究这种神经支配的潜在来源。通过免疫细胞化学来观察下丘脑中的血管加压素免疫反应神经元。用计算机辅助显微镜系统对切片进行映射，并对标记的神经元进行计数。将二维图谱堆叠到三维线框模型中，该模型可以进行进一步检查。血管加压素神经元的平均数量为 3135 个，超过 60%的所有胞体定位于外侧视上核。在一项双重标记研究中，通过将辣根过氧化物酶注射到神经垂体中来将对下丘脑-神经垂体系统有贡献的神经元逆行标记。用四甲基联苯胺处理后可以观察到酶反应产物，然后用镍缀合的二氨基联苯胺处理。随后通过免疫细胞化学对血管加压素进行染色。从连续切片中对单染和双染神经元进行映射和计数。生成了线框和轮廓的三维表示。投射到神经垂体的神经元的平均数量为 5619 个。但是，平均有 981 个神经元对血管加压素有免疫反应，但缺乏辣根过氧化物酶。这些无投射胞体的最大数量存在于前下丘脑及其周围，主要位于视上核的外侧和内侧、室旁核的腹侧区和圆形核。通过将双重染色中发现的无投射神经元的数量与整个血管加压素系统的总细胞计数进行比较，可以估计在前下丘脑及其周围的大约 30%的所有血管加压素神经元不投射到神经垂体。基于无投射胞体的分布和定位，可以推测这些神经元可能为雄性金黄仓鼠的血管加压素依赖性侧斑标记提供神经递质。
