Anand Krishnan, Shah Bela, Gupta Vivek, Khaparde Kshitij, Pau Eldho, Menon Geetha R, Kapoor S K
Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India.
Indian Heart J. 2008 Jan-Feb;60(1):9-18.
India is in the midst of an epidemiological transition with non-communicable diseases increasing in importance. Targeting the risk factors for non-communicable diseases is recognized as an essential preventive strategy. There is lack of good quality data on prevalence of risk factors. The present study addresses this challenge in urban population of Ballabgarh town in Faridabad district of Haryana.
A total of 1263 male and 1326 female respondents were selected using multistage systematic random sampling, in 5 age groups of 10 years (15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54 and 55-64). The World Health Organization's STEPS approach entails stepwise collection of the risk factor data based on standardized questionnaires (step 1), basic physical measures in step 2 and finally in 3rd step, basic biochemical investigations such as blood sugar and cholesterol. The prevalence was adjusted to the age and sex strata of urban Faridabad as per census 2001.
The prevalence of current daily use of smoked tobacco was 22.2% (95% CI7colon; 20.0-24.6) for males and 1.4% (95% CI: 0.9-2.2) for females. In males the prevalence of current alcohol consumption was 28.9% (95% CI: 26.4-31.5). Physical inactivity was reported by 23.2% (95% CI: 20.9-25.6) of males and 52.4% (95% CI: 49.7-55.1) of female respondents. Only 8.6% of males and 4.4% of females were consuming adequate portions of the fruits and vegetables. 23.1% (95% CI: 20.8-25.5) males and 15.7% (95% CI: 13.87ndash;17.8) females were either in Stage 1 and 2 hypertension (JNC VII) or were taking anti-hypertensives. Among males, 25.4% (95% CI: 23.0-27.9) and, among females 34.9% (95% CI: 32.3-37.6) were overweight.
The prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among males and physical inactivity among females was high. Low consumption of fruits and vegetables, hypertension and overweight was equally common among both the sexes in the population studied. Thus there is an urgent need for initiating measures at the risk factor level to counter this modern day epidemic of non-communicable disorders, within this urban community.
印度正处于流行病学转型阶段，非传染性疾病的重要性日益增加。针对非传染性疾病的风险因素被认为是一项重要的预防策略。目前缺乏关于风险因素患病率的高质量数据。本研究针对哈里亚纳邦法里达巴德区巴拉加尔镇的城市人口应对了这一挑战。
采用多阶段系统随机抽样，从1263名男性和1326名女性受访者中选取，分为5个10岁年龄组（15 - 24岁、25 - 34岁、35 - 44岁、45 - 54岁和55 - 64岁）。世界卫生组织的STEPS方法包括基于标准化问卷逐步收集风险因素数据（第1步）、第2步的基本身体测量，最后在第3步进行基本生化检查，如血糖和胆固醇检查。根据2001年人口普查，患病率按照法里达巴德市城区的年龄和性别分层进行了调整。
男性当前每日使用烟熏烟草的患病率为22.2%（95%可信区间：20.0 - 24.6），女性为1.4%（95%可信区间：0.9 - 2.2）。男性当前饮酒的患病率为28.9%（95%可信区间：26.4 - 31.5）。据报告，23.2%（95%可信区间：20.9 - 25.6）的男性和52.4%（95%可信区间：49.7 - 55.1）的女性受访者身体活动不足。只有8.6%的男性和4.4%的女性摄入了足够量的水果和蔬菜。23.1%（95%可信区间：20.8 - 25.5）的男性和15.7%（95%可信区间：13.8 - 17.8）的女性处于1期和2期高血压（美国国家联合委员会第7版标准）或正在服用抗高血压药物。男性中超重的比例为25.4%（95%可信区间：23.0 - 27.9），女性为34.9%（95%可信区间：32.3 - 37.6）。
男性中烟草和酒精的使用率以及女性中身体活动不足的比例较高。在所研究的人群中，水果和蔬菜摄入量低、高血压和超重现象在男女中同样普遍。因此，迫切需要在这个城市社区的风险因素层面采取措施，以应对这种现代非传染性疾病的流行。
