Department of Community Medicine, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, New Delhi, India.
Department of Community Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
BMC Womens Health. 2024 Jan 28;24(1):77. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02869-0.
Women's health is usually looked upon in terms of their reproductive health. However, cardio-vascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and disability among women, globally as well as in India. Risk factors of today can be disease of tomorrow. Gradience in level of epidemiological transition is observed across different states. The study aims to estimate the national and regional prevalence, and sociodemographic determinants of biological and behavioural risk factors for cardiovascular diseases.
The present study was conducted among women in the age group of 15 to 49 years using nationally representative sample from fifth round National Family Health Survey in India. The data analysis in the current study included 7,24,115 women in the age group of 15 to 49 years. SPSS version 20 was used for the purpose of analysis. Weighted prevalence was computed for the studied behavioral and biological (dependent variable) risk factors using women specific weights as provided in the dataset. Binary logistic regression model was employed to calculate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) to study the sociodemographic determinants (independent variables) of these risk factors.
Highest prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases was reported to be central obesity (78.2%), followed by overweight/obesity (23.9%), oral contraceptive use (13.4%), raised blood pressure (11.8%), raised blood sugar (8.6%), tobacco use (4.0%), and alcohol use (0.7%). Higher odds of all the studied risk factors were reported with increasing age. All of the studied risk factors, except for alcohol consumption [OR (95%CI): 0.9 (0.8-0.96)], had higher odds in rural areas compared to urban areas. Compared to other castes, the odds of tobacco [OR (95% CI): 2.01 (1.91-2.08)] and alcohol consumption [OR (95% CI): 5.76 (5.12-6.28)], and raised blood pressure [OR (95% CI): 1.07(1.04-1.11)] was significantly higher among the people belonging to schedule tribe.
The present study highlights the state-wise disparities in the burden and predictors of risk factors for cardio-vascular diseases among women of reproductive age. The study provides insights to these disparities, and focuses on the need of tailoring the disease prevention and control measures suiting to the local needs.
女性健康通常被视为生殖健康。然而，心血管疾病是全球和印度女性死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。今天的风险因素可能是明天的疾病。不同邦的流行病学过渡水平梯度不同。本研究旨在估计心血管疾病的生物和行为风险因素的国家和区域流行率和社会人口决定因素。
本研究使用印度第五轮全国家庭健康调查的全国代表性样本，对年龄在 15 至 49 岁的女性进行了研究。本研究中的数据分析包括年龄在 15 至 49 岁的 724115 名女性。使用数据集中提供的特定于女性的权重，对研究中的行为和生物（因变量）风险因素进行加权患病率计算。使用二元逻辑回归模型计算调整后的优势比（OR）和相应的 95%置信区间（CI），以研究这些风险因素的社会人口决定因素（自变量）。
报告称，心血管疾病的最高流行风险因素是中心性肥胖（78.2%），其次是超重/肥胖（23.9%）、口服避孕药使用（13.4%）、血压升高（11.8%）、血糖升高（8.6%）、烟草使用（4.0%）和酒精使用（0.7%）。随着年龄的增长，所有研究的风险因素的几率都更高。除酒精消费外[OR（95%CI）：0.9（0.8-0.96）]，所有研究的风险因素在农村地区的几率都高于城市地区。与其他种姓相比，烟草[OR（95%CI）：2.01（1.91-2.08）]和酒精消费[OR（95%CI）：5.76（5.12-6.28）]以及血压升高[OR（95%CI）：1.07（1.04-1.11）]的几率更高。
本研究强调了生殖年龄妇女心血管疾病风险因素的负担和预测因素在各邦之间的差异。该研究提供了对这些差异的深入了解，并强调需要根据当地需求制定疾病预防和控制措施。
