Immunobiology Program, Biophysics Institute Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, RJ, Brazil,
Purinergic Signal. 2009 Jun;5(2):197-204. doi: 10.1007/s11302-009-9130-x. Epub 2009 Feb 12.
The purinergic receptor, P2X(7), has recently emerged as an important component of the innate immune response against microbial infections. Ligation of P2X(7) by ATP can stimulate inflammasome activation and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, but it can also lead directly to killing of intracellular pathogens in infected macrophages and epithelial cells. Thus, while some intracellular pathogens evade host defense responses by modulating with membrane trafficking or cell signaling in the infected cells, the host cells have also developed mechanisms for inhibiting infection. This review will focus on the effects of P2X(7) on control of infection by intracellular pathogens, microbial virulence factors that interfere with P2X(7) activity, and recent evidence linking polymorphisms in human P2X(7) with susceptibility to infection.
嘌呤能受体 P2X（7）最近成为针对微生物感染的先天免疫反应的一个重要组成部分。ATP 对 P2X（7）的连接可以刺激炎性小体的激活和促炎细胞因子的分泌，但也可以直接导致感染的巨噬细胞和上皮细胞内病原体的杀伤。因此，虽然一些细胞内病原体通过在受感染细胞中改变膜运输或细胞信号转导来逃避宿主防御反应，但宿主细胞也已经开发出抑制感染的机制。这篇综述将重点介绍 P2X（7）对控制细胞内病原体感染的影响、干扰 P2X（7）活性的微生物毒力因子，以及最近将人类 P2X（7）多态性与感染易感性联系起来的证据。
