Jamieson Randall K, Mewhort D J K
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2009 Sep;62(9):1757-83. doi: 10.1080/17470210802557637. Epub 2009 Feb 13.
We present a serial reaction time (SRT) task in which participants identified the location of a target by pressing a key mapped to the location. The location of successive targets was determined by the rules of a grammar, and we varied the redundancy of the grammar. Increasing both practice and the redundancy of the grammar reduced response time, but the participants were unable to describe the grammar. Such results are usually discussed as examples of implicit learning. Instead, we treat performance in terms of retrieval from a multitrace memory. In our account, after each trial, participants store a trace comprising the current stimulus, the response associated with it, and the context provided by the immediately preceding response. When a target is presented, it is used as a prompt to retrieve the response mapped to it. As participants practise the task, the redundancy of the series helps point to the correct response and, thereby, speeds retrieval of the response. The model captured performance in the experiment and in classic SRT studies from the literature. Its success shows that the SRT task can be understood in terms of retrieval from memory without implying implicit learning.
我们呈现了一个序列反应时（SRT）任务，在该任务中参与者通过按下映射到目标位置的按键来识别目标位置。连续目标的位置由一种语法规则决定，并且我们改变了语法的冗余度。增加练习次数和语法冗余度都能减少反应时间，但参与者无法描述该语法。此类结果通常作为内隐学习的例子来讨论。相反，我们从多痕迹记忆的检索角度来探讨表现。在我们的解释中，每次试验后，参与者存储一条痕迹，该痕迹包括当前刺激、与之相关的反应以及由紧接在前的反应所提供的情境。当呈现一个目标时，它被用作提示来检索映射到它的反应。随着参与者练习该任务，序列的冗余度有助于指向正确的反应，从而加快反应的检索。该模型捕捉到了实验中的表现以及文献中经典SRT研究的表现。它的成功表明，SRT任务可以从记忆检索的角度来理解，而不意味着内隐学习。
