Henry Kimberly L, Stanley Linda R, Edwards Ruth W, Harkabus Lindsey C, Chapin Laurie A
Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1876, USA.
Prev Sci. 2009 Sep;10(3):236-47. doi: 10.1007/s11121-009-0124-2.
This paper examines the effect of a student's own school adjustment as well as the contextual level of school adjustment (the normative level of school adjustment among students in a school) on students' self-reported use of alcohol. Using a dataset of 43,465 male and female 8th grade students from 349 schools across the contiguous United States who participated in a national study of substance use in rural communities between 1996 and 2000, multilevel latent covariate models were utilized to disentangle the individual-level and contextual effects of three school adjustment variables (i.e., school bonding, behavior at school, and friend's school bonding) on alcohol use. All three school adjustment factors were significant predictors of alcohol use both within and between schools. Furthermore, this study demonstrated a strong contextual effect: Students who attended schools where the overall level of school adjustment was higher reported lower levels of alcohol use even after taking their own school adjustment into account. The results demonstrate the importance of both a student's own level of school adjustment and the normative level of school adjustment among students in the school on an adolescent's use of alcohol. Differences in school adjustment across schools were quite strongly related to an adolescent's own alcohol use, indicating that school adjustment is an important aspect of school climate. Initiatives aimed at improving school climate may have beneficial effects on students' alcohol use.
本文考察了学生自身的学校适应情况以及学校适应的背景水平（一所学校中学生的学校适应规范水平）对学生自我报告的饮酒行为的影响。利用1996年至2000年间参与农村社区物质使用全国性研究的来自美国本土349所学校的43465名八年级男女学生的数据集，运用多层次潜在协变量模型来剖析三个学校适应变量（即学校归属感、在学校的行为以及朋友的学校归属感）对饮酒行为的个体层面和背景层面的影响。这三个学校适应因素在学校内部和学校之间都是饮酒行为的显著预测因素。此外，本研究显示出强烈的背景效应：即使在考虑了学生自身的学校适应情况之后，就读于学校适应总体水平较高的学校的学生报告的饮酒水平较低。研究结果表明，学生自身的学校适应水平以及学校中其他学生的学校适应规范水平对于青少年饮酒行为都很重要。不同学校之间的学校适应差异与青少年自身的饮酒行为密切相关，这表明学校适应是学校氛围的一个重要方面。旨在改善学校氛围的举措可能会对学生的饮酒行为产生有益影响。
