Huo Hong, Wang Michael, Bloyd Cary, Putsche Vicky
Center for Transportation Research, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60549, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2009 Feb 1;43(3):750-6. doi: 10.1021/es8011436.
In this study, we used Argonne National Laboratory's Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) model to assess the life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts of four soybean-derived fuels: biodiesel fuel produced via transesterification, two renewable diesel fuels (I and II) produced from different hydrogenation processes, and renewable gasoline produced from catalytic cracking. Five approaches were employed to allocate the coproducts: a displacement approach; two allocation approaches, one based on the energy value and the other based on the market value; and two hybrid approaches that integrated the displacement and allocation methods. The relative rankings of soybean-based fuels in terms of energy and environmental impacts were different under the different approaches, and the reasons were analyzed. Results from the five allocation approaches showed that although the production and combustion of soybean-based fuels might increase total energy use, they could have significant benefits in reducing fossil energy use (>52%), petroleum use (>88%), and GHG emissions (>57%) relative to petroleum fuels. This study emphasized the importance of the methods used to deal with coproduct issues and provided a comprehensive solution for conducting a life-cycle assessment of fuel pathways with multiple coproducts.
在本研究中，我们使用阿贡国家实验室的交通运输温室气体、受控排放和能源使用（GREET）模型，评估了四种大豆衍生燃料的生命周期能源和温室气体（GHG）排放影响：通过酯交换反应生产的生物柴油燃料、由不同氢化工艺生产的两种可再生柴油燃料（I和II）以及通过催化裂化生产的可再生汽油。采用了五种方法来分配副产品：一种替代方法；两种分配方法，一种基于能量值，另一种基于市场价值；以及两种将替代和分配方法相结合的混合方法。在不同方法下，基于大豆的燃料在能源和环境影响方面的相对排名不同，并对原因进行了分析。五种分配方法的结果表明，尽管基于大豆的燃料的生产和燃烧可能会增加总能源使用，但相对于石油燃料，它们在减少化石能源使用（>52%）、石油使用（>88%）和温室气体排放（>57%）方面可能具有显著益处。本研究强调了处理副产品问题所使用方法的重要性，并为对具有多种副产品的燃料途径进行生命周期评估提供了全面的解决方案。
