Pepino M Yanina, Finkbeiner Susana, Mennella Julie A
Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009 Jun;17(6):1158-63. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.46. Epub 2009 Feb 26.
The present study assessed food cravings in a cohort of 229 women who differed in smoking history (i.e., never smoker, former smoker, and current smoker) and body weight (i.e., normal weight, overweight, and obese). Each subject completed the Food Craving Inventory (FCI), which measures cravings for sweets, high fats, carbohydrates/starches, and fast-food fats, and the Profile of Mood States (POMS), which measures psychological distress. Smoking and obesity were independently associated with specific food cravings and mood states. Current smokers craved high fats more frequently than former and never smokers. They also craved starches more frequently and felt more depressed and angry than never smokers, but not former smokers. Whereas cravings for starchy foods and some mood states may be characteristic of women who are likely to smoke, more frequent cravings for fat among smokers is related to smoking per se. Similarly, obese women craved high fats more frequently than nonobese women and depression symptoms were intensified with increasing body weights. We hypothesize that the overlapping neuroendocrine alterations associated with obesity and smoking and the remarkable similarities in food cravings and mood states between women who smoke and women who are obese suggest that common biological mechanisms modulate cravings for fat in these women.
本研究评估了229名女性队列中的食物渴望情况，这些女性在吸烟史（即从不吸烟、曾经吸烟和目前吸烟）和体重（即正常体重、超重和肥胖）方面存在差异。每位受试者都完成了食物渴望量表（FCI），该量表测量对甜食、高脂肪食物、碳水化合物/淀粉类食物以及快餐脂肪的渴望，以及情绪状态量表（POMS），该量表测量心理困扰。吸烟和肥胖分别与特定的食物渴望和情绪状态相关。目前吸烟者比曾经吸烟者和从不吸烟者更频繁地渴望高脂肪食物。他们也比从不吸烟者更频繁地渴望淀粉类食物，并且感觉比从不吸烟者更抑郁和愤怒，但比曾经吸烟者情况稍好。虽然对淀粉类食物的渴望和某些情绪状态可能是可能吸烟女性的特征，但吸烟者对脂肪更频繁的渴望与吸烟本身有关。同样，肥胖女性比非肥胖女性更频繁地渴望高脂肪食物，并且抑郁症状随着体重增加而加剧。我们假设，与肥胖和吸烟相关的重叠神经内分泌改变，以及吸烟女性和肥胖女性在食物渴望和情绪状态方面的显著相似性表明，共同的生物学机制调节了这些女性对脂肪的渴望。
