Chao Ariana M, White Marney A, Grilo Carlos M, Sinha Rajita
University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, United States; University of Pennsylvania Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States.
Eat Behav. 2017 Jan;24:61-65. doi: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.12.009. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
This study examined the relationships among smoking status and total and specific types of food cravings (i.e., high-fats, sweets, fast-food fats, and complex carbohydrates/starches) and the influence of demographic, clinical, and psychological factors on this relationship.
Seven-hundred and twelve adults completed measures of food cravings, dietary intake, and smoking history. Heights and weights were measured. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses while adjusting for demographic, clinical, and psychological covariates.
Compared to never smokers, current smokers reported more frequent cravings for high-fat foods and fast-food fats, after controlling for depression, stress, BMI and demographic factors. Current smokers also reported consuming more high-fat foods and fast-food fats. The association between cigarette smoking and total food craving was no longer significant after accounting for depression and stress, suggesting that depression and stress may account for the relationship between smoking and total food craving. Smoking did not moderate the relationship between food cravings and food intake. Nicotine dependence was positively correlated with the frequency of general food cravings and cravings for high fats, sweets, and carbohydrates/starches.
Cigarette smokers, and especially those with higher nicotine dependence, may have greater difficulties in addressing food craving and changing eating habits, particularly in the context of depression and stress.
本研究探讨了吸烟状况与食物渴望的总体及特定类型（即高脂肪、甜食、快餐脂肪和复合碳水化合物/淀粉）之间的关系，以及人口统计学、临床和心理因素对这种关系的影响。
712名成年人完成了食物渴望、饮食摄入量和吸烟史的测量。测量了身高和体重。在对人口统计学、临床和心理协变量进行调整的同时，使用单变量和多变量分析对数据进行了分析。
在控制了抑郁、压力、体重指数和人口统计学因素后，与从不吸烟者相比，当前吸烟者报告对高脂肪食物和快餐脂肪的渴望更频繁。当前吸烟者还报告摄入了更多的高脂肪食物和快餐脂肪。在考虑抑郁和压力后，吸烟与总体食物渴望之间的关联不再显著，这表明抑郁和压力可能解释了吸烟与总体食物渴望之间的关系。吸烟并未调节食物渴望与食物摄入量之间的关系。尼古丁依赖与总体食物渴望以及对高脂肪、甜食和碳水化合物/淀粉的渴望频率呈正相关。
吸烟者，尤其是尼古丁依赖程度较高的吸烟者，在应对食物渴望和改变饮食习惯方面可能会遇到更大的困难，尤其是在抑郁和压力的情况下。
