Gayer Christopher P, Basson Marc D
Department of Surgery, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48912, USA.
Cell Signal. 2009 Aug;21(8):1237-44. doi: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.02.011. Epub 2009 Feb 26.
The epithelial and non-epithelial cells of the intestinal wall experience a myriad of physical forces including strain, shear, and villous motility during normal gut function. Pathologic conditions alter these forces, leading to changes in the biology of these cells. The responses of intestinal epithelial cells to forces vary with both the applied force and the extracellular matrix proteins with which the cells interact, with differing effects on proliferation, differentiation, and motility, and the regulation of these effects involves similar but distinctly different signal transduction mechanisms. Although normal epithelial cells respond to mechanical forces, malignant gastrointestinal epithelial cells also respond to forces, most notably by increased cell adhesion, a critical step in tumor metastasis. This review will focus on the phenomenon of mechanical forces influencing cell biology and the mechanisms by which the gut responds these forces in both the normal as well as pathophysiologic states when forces are altered. Although more is known about epithelial responses to force, information regarding mechanosensitivity of vascular, neural, and endocrine cells within the gut wall will also be discussed, as will, the mechanism by which forces can regulate epithelial tumor cell adhesion.
在正常肠道功能期间，肠壁的上皮细胞和非上皮细胞会经历无数种物理力，包括应变、剪切力和绒毛运动。病理状况会改变这些力，从而导致这些细胞的生物学特性发生变化。肠上皮细胞对力的反应会因所施加的力以及细胞与之相互作用的细胞外基质蛋白而有所不同，对增殖、分化和运动产生不同影响，而这些影响的调节涉及相似但又明显不同的信号转导机制。尽管正常上皮细胞会对机械力作出反应，但恶性胃肠道上皮细胞也会对力作出反应，最显著的是通过增加细胞黏附，这是肿瘤转移中的关键一步。本综述将聚焦于机械力影响细胞生物学的现象，以及在正常和病理生理状态下，当力发生改变时肠道对这些力作出反应的机制。尽管人们对上皮细胞对力的反应了解更多，但也将讨论有关肠壁内血管、神经和内分泌细胞机械敏感性的信息，以及力调节上皮肿瘤细胞黏附的机制。
