Winter Edward M, Fowler Neil
Centre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
J Sports Sci. 2009 Mar;27(5):447-60. doi: 10.1080/02640410802658461.
Sport and exercise scientists have a common focus: the scientific study of factors that influence our ability to perform exercise or physical activity. As a result, this ability is assessed and hence quantified. Accordingly, definitions of exercise and related terms and nomenclature that describe the performance of exercise must adhere to principles of science and satisfy the Systeme International d'Unites (SI) that was adopted universally in 1960. Frequently, these requirements are not met. The aims of this review are twofold: (1) to identify instances of non-compliance and (2) propose universal definitions of exercise and related terms and nomenclature that do conform to the SI and apply to exercise and physical activity that encompasses elite-standard competitive sport, activities of daily living, and clinical applications in rehabilitation and public health. A definition of exercise is offered: a potential disruption to homeostasis by muscle activity that is either exclusively, or in combination, concentric, eccentric or isometric.
对影响我们进行运动或身体活动能力的因素进行科学研究。因此，这种能力会得到评估并被量化。相应地，运动及相关术语的定义以及描述运动表现的命名法必须遵循科学原则，并符合1960年被普遍采用的国际单位制（SI）。然而，这些要求常常未能得到满足。本综述的目的有两个：（1）找出不符合规定的情况；（2）提出符合国际单位制且适用于包括精英标准竞技运动、日常生活活动以及康复和公共卫生临床应用在内的运动和身体活动的运动及相关术语和命名法的通用定义。文中给出了运动的定义：肌肉活动对体内平衡的潜在干扰，这种干扰可以是单纯的，也可以是同心、离心或等长收缩相结合的。
