Gothilander Jennifer, Almqvist Lena, Eriksson Camilla, Fritz Johanna
School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2025 Jun;25(6):e12318. doi: 10.1002/ejsc.12318.
Adolescents' participation in physical exercise (PE) in sports clubs and self-organised training has decreased over time, while screen-time (ST) has increased. Boys exercise more and play more video games than girls, and adolescents without disabilities exercise more than adolescents with disabilities. This study aims to explore trends in patterns of PE and ST, and the association with gender and disability. Cross-sectional data from 3949 Swedish adolescents aged 12-14 and 15-18 years were used. Participation in sports, training, watching TV & movies, and playing video games was analysed annually for 2013-2019 by hierarchical cluster analysis with k means rotation. Clusters' centroids were compared across years. Associations with gender and disability were tested with regression analysis. In both age groups, five to six clusters were identified each year. Most adolescents are in exercising patterns. The proportions in patterns of sporting and ST increased between 2013-2015 and 15-18-year-olds in not-exercising patterns decreased continuously. Exercising and not-exercising patterns show stable trends, while ST patterns no longer have similar structures after 2016. More clusters in 2013-2016 than 2017-2019 are associated with gender. No cluster in 12-14-year-olds and four clusters in 15-18-year-olds are associated with disability. The study provides a new perspective on trends in patterns of PE and ST from 2013 to 2019 in Swedish adolescents. Results indicate an increased polarisation in activity patterns yet decreased polarisation between genders, and that adolescents with disabilities have the same activity patterns as other adolescents. Further research into other factors potentially influencing adolescents' activity patterns is needed.
随着时间的推移，青少年在体育俱乐部和自行组织的训练中参与体育锻炼（PE）的情况有所减少，而屏幕时间（ST）则有所增加。男孩比女孩锻炼更多，玩电子游戏也更多，并且无残疾青少年比残疾青少年锻炼更多。本研究旨在探讨体育锻炼和屏幕时间模式的趋势，以及与性别和残疾的关联。使用了来自3949名12 - 14岁和15 - 18岁瑞典青少年的横断面数据。通过k均值旋转的层次聚类分析，对2013 - 2019年每年参与体育活动、训练、看电视和电影以及玩电子游戏的情况进行了分析。对各年份聚类的质心进行了比较。通过回归分析测试了与性别和残疾的关联。在两个年龄组中，每年都识别出五到六个聚类。大多数青少年处于锻炼模式。在2013 - 2015年期间，参与体育活动和屏幕时间模式的比例有所增加，15 - 18岁不锻炼模式的青少年比例持续下降。锻炼和不锻炼模式呈现出稳定的趋势，而2016年之后屏幕时间模式不再具有相似的结构。2013 - 2016年比2017 - 我们需要对其他可能影响青少年活动模式的因素进行进一步研究。 19年有更多聚类与性别相关。12 - 14岁年龄组中没有聚类与残疾相关，15 - 18岁年龄组中有四个聚类与残疾相关。该研究为2013年至2019年瑞典青少年体育锻炼和屏幕时间模式的趋势提供了新的视角
