Watson David
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2009 Mar;135(2):205-8; discussion 215-7. doi: 10.1037/a0014413.
C. S. Carver and E. Harmon-Jones (2009) have presented considerable evidence to support their argument that "anger relates to an appetitive or approach motivational system, whereas anxiety relates to an aversive or avoidance motivational system" (p. 183). However, they have failed to take sufficient account of the extensive psychometric data indicating that anger is strongly related to anxiety (and other negative affects) and more weakly associated with the positive affects. Considering all of the available evidence, the most accurate conclusion is that anger shows both approach and avoidance properties. Moreover, viewed in the context of the hierarchical structure of affect, some evidence suggests that the nonspecific component of anger (i.e., its shared variance with the other negative affects) is primarily related to the aversive or avoidance motivational system, whereas its specific component (i.e., its unique qualities that distinguish it from other negative affects) has a stronger link to the appetitive or approach system. The author concludes by considering the broader implications of these data for affective structure.
C. S. 卡弗和E. 哈蒙-琼斯（2009年）提出了大量证据来支持他们的观点，即“愤怒与一种追求或趋近动机系统相关，而焦虑与一种厌恶或回避动机系统相关”（第183页）。然而，他们没有充分考虑到大量的心理测量数据，这些数据表明愤怒与焦虑（以及其他负面情绪）密切相关，而与正面情绪的关联较弱。综合所有现有证据，最准确的结论是愤怒兼具趋近和回避的特性。此外，从情绪的层次结构背景来看，一些证据表明愤怒的非特异性成分（即它与其他负面情绪的共同方差）主要与厌恶或回避动机系统相关，而其特异性成分（即它与其他负面情绪相区别的独特特质）与追求或趋近系统有更强的联系。作者最后考虑了这些数据对情感结构的更广泛影响。
