McCauley Stephen R, McDaniel Mark A, Pedroza Claudia, Chapman Sandra B, Levin Harvey S
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Alliance of Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Neuropsychology. 2009 Mar;23(2):201-9. doi: 10.1037/a0014192.
Prospective memory (PM) is the formation of an intention and remembering to perform this intention at a future time or in response to specific cues. PM tasks are a ubiquitous part of daily life. Currently, there is a paucity of information regarding PM impairments in children with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and less empirical evidence regarding effective remediation strategies to mitigate these impairments. The present study employed two levels of a motivational enhancement (i.e., a monetary incentive) to determine whether event-based PM could be improved in children with severe TBI. In a crossover design, children with orthopedic injuries and mild or severe TBI were compared on two levels of incentive (dollars vs. pennies) given in response to accurate performance. All three groups performed significantly better under the high- versus low-motivation conditions. However, the severe TBI group's high-motivation condition performance remained significantly below the low-motivation condition performance of the orthopedic injury group. PM scores were positively and significantly related to age-at-test, but there were no age-at-injury or time-postinjury effects. Overall, these results suggest that event-based PM can be significantly improved in children with severe TBI.
前瞻性记忆（PM）是指形成一个意图并记住在未来某个时间或对特定线索做出反应时执行该意图。前瞻性记忆任务是日常生活中普遍存在的一部分。目前，关于创伤性脑损伤（TBI）儿童的前瞻性记忆损伤的信息匮乏，关于减轻这些损伤的有效补救策略的实证证据也较少。本研究采用了两个层次的动机增强（即金钱激励）来确定严重创伤性脑损伤儿童基于事件的前瞻性记忆是否可以得到改善。在交叉设计中，对患有骨科损伤以及轻度或重度创伤性脑损伤的儿童在根据准确表现给予的两个激励层次（美元与便士）上进行比较。在高动机与低动机条件下，所有三组的表现均显著更好。然而，重度创伤性脑损伤组在高动机条件下的表现仍显著低于骨科损伤组在低动机条件下的表现。前瞻性记忆得分与测试时的年龄呈显著正相关，但与受伤时的年龄或受伤后时间无关。总体而言，这些结果表明，严重创伤性脑损伤儿童基于事件的前瞻性记忆可以得到显著改善。
