Osako M, Keltner J L
Department of Ophthalmology, University of California-Davis.
Surv Ophthalmol. 1991 Jul-Aug;36(1):28-46. doi: 10.1016/0039-6257(91)90207-v.
Botulinum A toxin has been used to treat strabismus and a variety of spasmodic neuromuscular diseases. Botulinum toxin treatment of strabismus is not as definitive and stable as the traditional surgical approach, but it has been found most useful in postoperative overcorrection, small deviations, sensory deviations, and acute sixth nerve palsy. This toxin has been effective in the treatment of essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, for which it produces temporary relief of symptoms. In addition, this treatment has been applied to lower lid entropion, myokymia, aberrant regeneration of the seventh nerve, lid retraction, corneal exposure, nystagmus, spasmodic torticollis, and adductor spastic dysphonia.
A型肉毒杆菌毒素已被用于治疗斜视和多种痉挛性神经肌肉疾病。肉毒杆菌毒素治疗斜视不像传统手术方法那样具有确定性和稳定性，但已发现它在术后过度矫正、小度数斜视、感觉性斜视和急性第六脑神经麻痹方面最为有用。这种毒素在治疗原发性睑痉挛和半面痉挛方面很有效，可使症状暂时缓解。此外，这种治疗方法还应用于下睑内翻、肌纤维颤搐、第七脑神经异常再生、眼睑退缩、角膜暴露、眼球震颤、痉挛性斜颈和内收肌痉挛性发音障碍。
