超高龄人群的残疾发生率较高，并随着年龄的增长而持续增加：来自 90+ 研究的结果。
The prevalence of disability in the oldest-old is high and continues to increase with age: findings from The 90+ Study.
机构信息
Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California, Irvine, USA.
出版信息
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2009 Nov;24(11):1217-25. doi: 10.1002/gps.2248.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the prevalence and type of disability in the oldest-old (90+), the fastest growing age group in the United States.
METHODS
The current study included functional data on 697 participants from The 90+ Study, a population-based longitudinal study of aging and dementia in people aged 90 and older. Data were obtained by participant's informants via a written questionnaire. The prevalence of disability was calculated for two definitions using activities of daily living (ADLs). ADL difficulty was defined as difficulty with one or more ADLs whereas ADL dependency was defined as needing help on one or more ADLs.
RESULTS
ADL difficulty was present in 71% in 90-94 year olds, 89% in 95-99 year olds, and 97% in centenarians. ADL dependency was present in 44% of 90-94 year olds, 66% of 95-99 year olds, and 92% of centenarians. The ADL most commonly causing difficulty was walking (70%) whereas the ADL most commonly causing dependency was bathing (51%). Age, gender, and institutionalization were significantly associated with both ADL difficulty and ADL dependency.
CONCLUSIONS
Similar to studies in younger individuals, the current study suggests that the prevalence of disability continues to increase rapidly in people aged 90 and older. With the rapid growth in the number of people in this age group, disability in the oldest-old has major public health implications.
目的
研究美国增长最快的年龄组——最年长人群（90 岁以上）的残疾发生率和类型。
方法
本研究纳入了来自“90 岁以上研究”的 697 名参与者的功能数据，该研究是一项针对 90 岁及以上人群衰老和痴呆的基于人群的纵向研究。数据由参与者的知情人通过书面问卷获得。使用日常生活活动（ADL）的两个定义计算残疾的发生率。ADL 困难定义为存在一项或多项 ADL 困难，而 ADL 依赖定义为需要在一项或多项 ADL 上得到帮助。
结果
90-94 岁人群中存在 ADL 困难的比例为 71%，95-99 岁人群中为 89%，百岁老人中为 97%。90-94 岁人群中存在 ADL 依赖的比例为 44%，95-99 岁人群中为 66%，百岁老人中为 92%。导致 ADL 困难最常见的是行走（70%），而导致 ADL 依赖最常见的是洗澡（51%）。年龄、性别和机构化与 ADL 困难和 ADL 依赖均显著相关。
结论
与年轻人群的研究类似，本研究表明，90 岁及以上人群的残疾发生率继续迅速增加。随着该年龄组人数的快速增长，最年长人群的残疾问题对公共健康具有重大影响。
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