Kim Jin Hee, Menon Usha
College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 2009 Mar;36(2):E80-92. doi: 10.1188/09.onf.e80-e92.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To assess differences in acculturation, knowledge, beliefs, and stages of readiness for mammograms from pre- to postintervention among Korean American women aged 40 years or older.
Prospective, repeated measures, quasi-experimental.
A Korean American senior center in the midwestern United States.
300 Korean American women aged 40 years or older with no breast cancer diagnoses and who were non-adherent with mammography screening.
Following completion of the preintervention questionnaire, the women attended a 45-minute interactive breast cancer early screening education session (GO EARLY) organized according to stages of readiness for mammography use (i.e., not thinking about having one, thinking about having one, and had one in the past). Postintervention data were collected six weeks following the educational session.
Acculturation, knowledge, beliefs (perceived risk, pros, cons, fear, self-efficacy, modesty, fatalism), and stages of readiness for mammography use.
At preintervention stages of readiness, women thinking about having a mammogram (contemplators) had significantly lower knowledge scores and higher cons to mammography use than women who had mammograms in the past (relapsers). Women not thinking about having a mammogram (precontemplators) had significantly lower self-efficacy for having a mammogram and higher cons than relapsers. The GO EARLY session was most effective in increasing knowledge, decreasing perceived cons, and increasing perceived self-efficacy. No statistically significant intervention effect was noted on upward shift in stage of readiness for mammography use postintervention.
The GO EARLY intervention, the first study to assess stages of readiness for mammography use among Korean American women, was feasible and culturally sensitive and can be replicated in various Korean American communities.
Culturally appropriate educational programs can serve to change women's perceptions and knowledge, and such changes may lead to changes in health behavior.
目的/目标：评估40岁及以上韩裔美国女性在干预前后乳房X光检查的文化适应、知识、信念以及准备阶段的差异。
前瞻性、重复测量、准实验性。
美国中西部的一个韩裔美国老年人中心。
300名40岁及以上未被诊断出患有乳腺癌且未坚持进行乳房X光检查的韩裔美国女性。
在完成干预前问卷后，这些女性参加了一场45分钟的互动式乳腺癌早期筛查教育课程（“尽早行动”），该课程根据使用乳房X光检查的准备阶段进行组织（即，未考虑进行检查、考虑进行检查、过去已进行过检查）。在教育课程六周后收集干预后数据。
文化适应、知识、信念（感知风险、益处、弊端、恐惧、自我效能感、谦逊、宿命论）以及使用乳房X光检查的准备阶段。
在干预前的准备阶段，考虑进行乳房X光检查的女性（观望者）的知识得分显著低于过去已进行过乳房X光检查的女性（复发者），且对使用乳房X光检查的弊端看法更多。未考虑进行乳房X光检查的女性（未参与者）进行乳房X光检查的自我效能感显著低于复发者，且弊端看法更多。“尽早行动”课程在增加知识、减少感知到的弊端以及提高感知到的自我效能感方面最为有效。干预后在使用乳房X光检查的准备阶段向上转变方面未观察到统计学上的显著干预效果。
“尽早行动”干预是第一项评估韩裔美国女性使用乳房X光检查准备阶段的研究，是可行的且具有文化敏感性，可在不同的韩裔美国社区进行复制。
符合文化背景的教育项目可有助于改变女性的认知和知识，而这种改变可能会导致健康行为的改变。
