Asami Mari, Oya Masami, Kosaka Koji
Department of Water Supply Engineering, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197 Japan.
Sci Total Environ. 2009 May 15;407(11):3540-5. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.014. Epub 2009 Mar 12.
A nationwide survey of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in both raw and finished water samples from drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) in Japan was conducted. NDMA was analyzed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). NDMA was detected in 15 of 31 raw water samples collected in the summer at concentrations up to 2.6 ng/L, and in 9 of 28 raw water samples collected in winter at concentrations up to 4.3 ng/L. The NDMA concentrations were higher in raw water samples collected from treatment plants with catchment areas that have high population densities. The NDMA concentrations were higher in river water samples collected from the east and west of Japan than in those collected from other areas. NDMA was detected in 10 of 31 finished samples collected in summer at reduced concentrations of up to 2.2 ng/L, while 5 of 28 finished samples collected in winter showed NDMA concentrations up to 10 ng/L. The highest NDMA levels were detected in finished water samples collected from the Yodo River basin DWTP, which uses ozonation. Furthermore, evaluation of the process water produced at six advanced water treatment plants was conducted. Influent from the Yodo River indicated that the NDMA concentration increased during ozonation to as high as 20 ng/L, and then decreased with subsequent biological activated carbon treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide evaluation of NDMA concentrations in water conducted in Japan to date.
在日本，我们针对饮用水处理厂（DWTPs）的原水和成品水样本中的N-亚硝基二甲胺（NDMA）开展了一项全国性调查。NDMA通过固相萃取（SPE），然后采用超高效液相色谱（UPLC）与串联质谱（MS/MS）联用的方法进行分析。在夏季采集的31个原水样本中，有15个检测出NDMA，浓度高达2.6 ng/L；在冬季采集的28个原水样本中，有9个检测出NDMA，浓度高达4.3 ng/L。从人口密度高的集水区的处理厂采集的原水样本中，NDMA浓度更高。从日本东部和西部采集的河水样本中的NDMA浓度高于从其他地区采集的样本。在夏季采集的31个成品水样本中，有10个检测出NDMA，浓度降至最高2.2 ng/L，而在冬季采集的28个成品水样本中，有5个的NDMA浓度高达10 ng/L。在使用臭氧处理的淀川河流域DWTP采集的成品水样本中检测到了最高的NDMA水平。此外，我们还对六个先进水处理厂产生的工艺水进行了评估。来自淀川河的进水表明，在臭氧处理过程中NDMA浓度增加至高达20 ng/L，随后在后续的生物活性炭处理中降低。据我们所知，这是日本迄今为止首次对水中NDMA浓度进行的全国性评估。
