Rand P W, Smith R P, Lacombe E H
Research Department, Maine Medical Center, Portland 04102.
Am J Public Health. 1991 Oct;81(10):1331-4. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.10.1331.
This study evaluates the relative usefulness of canine serosurveys to predict risk of exposure in an area of emerging Lyme disease by comparing the distribution of canine seroprevalence with that of vector ticks. From 16 veterinary clinics throughout the State of Maine, 828 canine sera were obtained during the heartworm-testing months of April and May 1989 and measured for anti-Borrelia antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the same year, 1605 ticks, including 585 Ixodes dammini, were collected from pets, humans, small mammals, and deer. Thirty-six dogs were seropositive, 28 of which had not traveled to endemic areas. Eighty-nine percent of all seropositive dogs were from towns within 20 miles (32 km) of the coast; the great majority lived within 5 miles (8 km) of tidewater (odds ratio =4.45, P = .002). Positivity varied from 17% in a southern coastal clinic to 0% in four northern clinics. Of 585 I. dammini identified, all but 5 (99.1%) were also from towns within 20 miles of the coast. Comparison of I. dammini submissions with those of another commonly found tick, Ixodes cookei, corroborated this predominantly coastal distribution. Canine seropositivity generally coincided with this coastal range. These data predicted areas of risk for human Lyme disease, although the prevalence of reported cases remained low.
本研究通过比较犬血清阳性率分布与媒介蜱的分布，评估犬血清学调查在预测莱姆病新兴地区暴露风险方面的相对效用。从缅因州全州的16家兽医诊所，在1989年4月和5月的心丝虫检测月份获取了828份犬血清，并通过酶联免疫吸附测定法检测抗伯氏疏螺旋体抗体。同年，从宠物、人类、小型哺乳动物和鹿身上采集了1605只蜱，其中包括585只达氏硬蜱。36只犬血清呈阳性，其中28只未曾前往流行地区。所有血清阳性犬中有89%来自沿海20英里（32公里）范围内的城镇；绝大多数生活在潮水5英里（8公里）范围内（优势比=4.45，P = 0.002）。阳性率从南部沿海一家诊所的17%到北部四家诊所的0%不等。在鉴定出的585只达氏硬蜱中，除5只外（99.1%）也来自沿海20英里范围内的城镇。将达氏硬蜱样本与另一种常见蜱——库克硬蜱的样本进行比较，证实了这种主要分布在沿海地区的情况。犬血清阳性率通常与这个沿海范围相符。这些数据预测了人类莱姆病的风险区域，尽管报告病例的患病率仍然较低。
