Bar-Yosef Mayer Daniella E, Vandermeersch Bernard, Bar-Yosef Ofer
The Leon Recanati Institute for Maritime Studies and Department of Maritime Civilizations, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel.
J Hum Evol. 2009 Mar;56(3):307-14. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.10.005.
Qafzeh Cave, the burial grounds of several anatomically modern humans, producers of Mousterian industry, yielded archaeological evidence reflecting their modern behavior. Dated to 92ka BP, the lower layers at the site contained a series of hearths, several human graves, flint artifacts, animal bones, a collection of sea shells, lumps of red ochre, and an incised cortical flake. The marine shells were recovered from layers earlier than most of the graves except for one burial. The shells were collected and brought from the Mediterranean Sea shore some 35km away, and are complete Glycymeris bivalves, naturally perforated. Several valves bear traces of having been strung, and a few had ochre stains on them.
卡夫泽洞穴是几具解剖学意义上的现代人类的墓地，这些现代人类是莫斯特文化的创造者，该洞穴出土了反映他们现代行为的考古证据。该遗址的下层年代可追溯到距今9.2万年，包含一系列炉灶、几处人类墓葬、燧石制品、动物骨骼、一批海贝壳、赭石块和一件刻有图案的皮质薄片。除了一处墓葬外，这些海贝壳是从比大多数墓葬更早的地层中发现的。这些贝壳是从约35公里外的地中海海岸收集并带回的，是完整的 Glycymeris 双壳类动物，有天然穿孔。几个贝壳瓣上有被串起来的痕迹，还有一些上面有赭石污渍。
