Smerecnik Chris M R, Mesters Ilse, Verweij Eline, de Vries Nanne K, de Vries Hein
School for Public Health and Primary Care (Caphri), Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Science, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
J Genet Couns. 2009 Jun;18(3):217-28. doi: 10.1007/s10897-008-9210-z. Epub 2009 Mar 17.
This review presents an overview of the impact of genetic counseling on risk perception accuracy in papers published between January 2000 and February 2007. The results suggest that genetic counseling may have a positive impact on risk perception accuracy, though some studies observed no impact at all, or only for low-risk participants. Several implications for future research can be deduced. First, future researchers should link risk perception changes to objective risk estimates, define risk perception accuracy as the correct counseled risk estimate, and report both the proportion of individuals who correctly estimate their risk and the average overestimation of the risk. Second, as the descriptions of the counseling sessions were generally poor, future research should include more detailed description of these sessions and link their content to risk perception outcomes to allow interpretation of the results. Finally, the effect of genetic counseling should be examined for a wider variety of hereditary conditions. Genetic counselors should provide the necessary context in which counselees can understand risk information, use both verbal and numerical risk estimates to communicate personal risk information, and use visual aids when communicating numerical risk information.
本综述概述了2000年1月至2007年2月发表的论文中遗传咨询对风险认知准确性的影响。结果表明，遗传咨询可能对风险认知准确性有积极影响，尽管一些研究根本未观察到影响，或仅对低风险参与者有影响。可以推断出对未来研究的几点启示。首先，未来的研究人员应将风险认知变化与客观风险估计联系起来，将风险认知准确性定义为经咨询后的正确风险估计，并报告正确估计自身风险的个体比例以及风险的平均高估情况。其次，由于对咨询过程的描述普遍较差，未来研究应包括对这些过程更详细的描述，并将其内容与风险认知结果联系起来，以便对结果进行解释。最后，应针对更广泛的遗传性疾病研究遗传咨询的效果。遗传咨询师应提供必要的背景信息，使咨询对象能够理解风险信息，使用口头和数字风险估计来传达个人风险信息，并在传达数字风险信息时使用视觉辅助工具。
