Kaur Kirandeep, Jain Meenakshi, Kaur Tarandeep, Jain Rahul
Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Punjab, India.
Bioorg Med Chem. 2009 May 1;17(9):3229-56. doi: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.02.050. Epub 2009 Mar 3.
Malaria is a major public health problem mainly due to the development of resistance by the most lethal causative parasitic species, Plasmodium falciparum to the mainstay drugs like chloroquine. New drugs with unique structures and mechanism of action are urgently required to treat sensitive and drug-resistant strains of malaria. Historically, compounds containing novel structure from natural origin represent a major source for the discovery and development of new drugs for several diseases. This review presents recent advances in antimalarial drug discovery from natural sources, including plant extracts, and compounds isolated from plants, bacteria, fungi and marine organisms. These compounds offer new and novel scaffolds for development as antimalarials. The literature from 1998 to October 2008 is reviewed. The review present literature compilation from plant and marine extracts, alkaloids (naphthylisoquinolines, bisbenzylisoquinolines, protoberberines and aporphines, indoles, manzamines, and miscellaneous alkaloids) terpenes (sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, diterpenes, and miscellaneous terpenes) quassinoids, flavonoids, limonoids, chalcones, peptides, xanthones, quinones and coumarines, and miscellaneous antimalarials from nature. The review also provides an outlook to recent semisynthetic approaches to antimalarial drugs discovered from natural sources.
疟疾是一个主要的公共卫生问题，这主要是由于最致命的致病寄生虫物种恶性疟原虫对氯喹等主要药物产生了耐药性。迫切需要具有独特结构和作用机制的新药来治疗敏感和耐药的疟疾病株。从历史上看，含有天然来源新结构的化合物是发现和开发多种疾病新药的主要来源。本综述介绍了从天然来源（包括植物提取物以及从植物、细菌、真菌和海洋生物中分离出的化合物）发现抗疟药物的最新进展。这些化合物为开发抗疟药物提供了新的和新颖的骨架。本文综述了1998年至2008年10月的文献。该综述介绍了来自植物和海洋提取物、生物碱（萘基异喹啉、双苄基异喹啉、原小檗碱和阿朴啡、吲哚、蔓胺和其他生物碱）、萜类化合物（倍半萜、三萜、二萜和其他萜类化合物）、苦木素、黄酮类化合物、柠檬苦素、查耳酮、肽、呫吨酮、醌和香豆素以及其他天然抗疟药物的文献汇编。该综述还展望了从天然来源发现的抗疟药物的近期半合成方法。
