睡眠剥夺：对认知表现的影响。
Sleep deprivation: Impact on cognitive performance.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
出版信息
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2007;3(5):553-67.
Abstract
Today, prolonged wakefulness is a widespread phenomenon. Nevertheless, in the field of sleep and wakefulness, several unanswered questions remain. Prolonged wakefulness can be due to acute total sleep deprivation (SD) or to chronic partial sleep restriction. Although the latter is more common in everyday life, the effects of total SD have been examined more thoroughly. Both total and partial SD induce adverse changes in cognitive performance. First and foremost, total SD impairs attention and working memory, but it also affects other functions, such as long-term memory and decision-making. Partial SD is found to influence attention, especially vigilance. Studies on its effects on more demanding cognitive functions are lacking. Coping with SD depends on several factors, especially aging and gender. Also interindividual differences in responses are substantial. In addition to coping with SD, recovering from it also deserves attention. Cognitive recovery processes, although insufficiently studied, seem to be more demanding in partial sleep restriction than in total SD.
摘要
如今，长时间保持清醒是一种普遍现象。然而，在睡眠和觉醒领域，仍有一些悬而未决的问题。长时间保持清醒可能是由于急性完全睡眠剥夺（SD）或慢性部分睡眠限制。虽然后者在日常生活中更为常见，但对完全 SD 的影响已进行了更彻底的研究。完全和部分 SD 都会导致认知表现的不良变化。首先，完全 SD 会损害注意力和工作记忆，但它也会影响其他功能，如长期记忆和决策。部分 SD 被发现会影响注意力，特别是警觉性。关于其对更苛刻的认知功能的影响的研究还很缺乏。应对 SD 取决于几个因素，尤其是年龄和性别。个体之间的反应差异也很大。除了应对 SD 之外，从 SD 中恢复也值得关注。认知恢复过程虽然研究不足，但在部分睡眠限制中似乎比在完全 SD 中要求更高。
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