Conley Colleen S, Rudolph Karen D
Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago, 6525 N. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60626, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2009 Spring;21(2):593-620. doi: 10.1017/S0954579409000327.
This research investigated the developmental stages (pubertal status) and contexts (early or late timing relative to peers, and a context of stressful versus supportive peer relationships) in which the sex difference in depression unfolds. A sample of 158 youth (ages 9.6-14.8) and their caregivers provided information at two waves, 1 year apart, on puberty, peer stress, and depression. Pubertal status and timing (actual and perceived) interacted with sex to predict depression. Sex differences in depression were evident at particular levels of pubertal status and timing, both actual and perceived. Depression was associated with more mature pubertal status and early timing (both actual and perceived) in girls, but with less mature pubertal status and late timing (actual and perceived) in boys. These patterns held concurrently, and often over time, particularly in a context of stressful peer relationships (peer stress moderated sex-differentiated associations between puberty and depression). Of note, there were no significant sex differences in depression at any particular age. Thus, this research highlights important distinctions among the contributions of age, pubertal status, pubertal timing, and perceived timing to the sex difference in adolescent depression. More broadly, these findings contribute to our growing understanding of the interactions among physical, social, and psychological processes involved in the sex difference in adolescent depression.
本研究调查了抑郁方面性别差异显现的发育阶段（青春期状态）和背景（相对于同龄人而言的早晚时机，以及压力性与支持性同伴关系的背景）。158名青少年（年龄在9.6至14.8岁之间）及其照顾者样本在相隔1年的两个时间点提供了有关青春期、同伴压力和抑郁的信息。青春期状态和时机（实际的和感知到的）与性别相互作用以预测抑郁。抑郁方面的性别差异在青春期状态和时机的特定水平上很明显，包括实际的和感知到的。抑郁与女孩更成熟的青春期状态和较早时机（实际的和感知到的）相关，但与男孩不太成熟的青春期状态和较晚时机（实际的和感知到的）相关。这些模式同时存在，并且常常随着时间推移而持续，尤其是在压力性同伴关系的背景下（同伴压力调节了青春期与抑郁之间的性别差异关联）。值得注意的是，在任何特定年龄，抑郁方面均无显著的性别差异。因此，本研究突出了年龄、青春期状态、青春期时机和感知时机对青少年抑郁性别差异的贡献之间的重要区别。更广泛地说，这些发现有助于我们进一步理解青少年抑郁性别差异中涉及的生理、社会和心理过程之间的相互作用。
