Chan Jacqueline, Jaceldo-Siegl Karen, Fraser Gary E
Adventist Health Study-2, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University Loma Linda, CA, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 May;89(5):1686S-1692S. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.26736X. Epub 2009 Apr 1.
Vegans and other vegetarians who limit their intake of animal products may be at greater risk of vitamin D deficiency than nonvegetarians, because foods providing the highest amount of vitamin D per gram naturally are all from animal sources, and fortification with vitamin D currently occurs in few foods.
We assessed serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [s25(OH)D] concentrations and factors affecting them in vegetarians, partial vegetarians, and nonvegetarians in a sample of calibration study subjects from the Adventist Health Study-2.
Food-frequency questionnaires and sun-exposure data were obtained from 199 black and 229 non-Hispanic white adults. We compared s25(OH)D concentration, dietary and supplemental vitamin D intake, and sun exposure in the different dietary groups.
We found no significant difference in s25(OH)D by vegetarian status for either white or black subjects. Among whites, dietary vitamin D intake and sun behavior were different between vegetarian groups, but there was no difference in skin type distribution. Among blacks, no significant differences were observed for any of these variables between vegetarian groups. The mean (+/-SD) s25(OH)D was higher in whites (77.1 +/- 10.33 nmol/L) than in blacks (50.7 +/- 27.4 nmol/L) (P < 0.0001).
s25(OH)D concentrations were not associated with vegetarian status. Other factors, such as vitamin D supplementation, degree of skin pigmentation, and amount and intensity of sun exposure have greater influence on s25(OH)D than does diet.
纯素食者及其他限制动物产品摄入量的素食者相比非素食者，维生素D缺乏风险可能更高，因为每克天然含维生素D量最高的食物均来自动物源，且目前很少有食物进行维生素D强化。
在复临会健康研究2校准研究对象样本中，我们评估了素食者、部分素食者及非素食者的血清25-羟维生素D [s25(OH)D] 浓度及其影响因素。
从199名黑人及229名非西班牙裔白人成年人处获取食物频率问卷和日晒数据。我们比较了不同饮食组的s25(OH)D浓度、膳食及补充维生素D摄入量和日晒情况。
我们发现，无论白人还是黑人受试者，s25(OH)D浓度在不同素食状态下均无显著差异。在白人中，素食组之间的膳食维生素D摄入量和日晒行为不同，但皮肤类型分布无差异。在黑人中，素食组之间在这些变量上均未观察到显著差异。白人的平均（±标准差）s25(OH)D（77.1±10.33 nmol/L）高于黑人（50.7±27.4 nmol/L）（P<0.0001）。
s25(OH)D浓度与素食状态无关。其他因素，如维生素D补充、皮肤色素沉着程度以及日晒量和强度，对s25(OH)D的影响比饮食更大。
