Jerger Susan, Tye-Murray Nancy, Abdi Hervé
University of Texas at Dallas, USA.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009 Apr;52(2):412-34. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0021).
This research assessed the influence of visual speech on phonological processing by children with hearing loss (HL).
Children with HL and children with normal hearing (NH) named pictures while attempting to ignore auditory or audiovisual speech distractors whose onsets relative to the pictures were either congruent, conflicting in place of articulation, or conflicting in voicing-for example, the picture "pizza" coupled with the distractors "peach," "teacher," or "beast," respectively. Speed of picture naming was measured.
The conflicting conditions slowed naming, and phonological processing by children with HL displayed the age-related shift in sensitivity to visual speech seen in children with NH, although with developmental delay. Younger children with HL exhibited a disproportionately large influence of visual speech and a negligible influence of auditory speech, whereas older children with HL showed a robust influence of auditory speech with no benefit to performance from adding visual speech. The congruent conditions did not speed naming in children with HL, nor did the addition of visual speech influence performance. Unexpectedly, the /wedge/-vowel congruent distractors slowed naming in children with HL and decreased articulatory proficiency.
Results for the conflicting conditions are consistent with the hypothesis that speech representations in children with HL (a) are initially disproportionally structured in terms of visual speech and (b) become better specified with age in terms of auditorily encoded information.
本研究评估了视觉言语对听力损失（HL）儿童语音处理的影响。
HL儿童和听力正常（NH）儿童在尝试忽略听觉或视听言语干扰项的同时对图片进行命名，这些干扰项相对于图片的起始时间在发音部位或发音方式上要么一致、要么冲突，例如，图片“披萨”分别与干扰项“桃子”、“老师”或“野兽”配对。测量图片命名的速度。
冲突条件减慢了命名速度，HL儿童的语音处理表现出与NH儿童类似的对视觉言语敏感性的年龄相关变化，尽管存在发育延迟。年龄较小的HL儿童表现出视觉言语的影响过大，而听觉言语的影响可忽略不计，而年龄较大的HL儿童则表现出听觉言语的强大影响，添加视觉言语对表现没有帮助。一致条件并没有加快HL儿童的命名速度，添加视觉言语也没有影响表现。出乎意料的是，/wedge/元音一致的干扰项减慢了HL儿童的命名速度，并降低了发音熟练度。
冲突条件下的结果与以下假设一致，即HL儿童的言语表征（a）最初在视觉言语方面结构不成比例，（b）随着年龄的增长，在听觉编码信息方面变得更加明确。
