J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014 Apr 1;57(2):556-65. doi: 10.1044/2013_JSLHR-H-12-0273.
PURPOSE The study addressed three research questions: Does lipreading improve between the ages of 7 and 14 years? Does hearing loss affect the development of lipreading? How do individual differences in lipreading relate to other abilities? METHOD Forty children with normal hearing (NH) and 24 with hearing loss (HL) were tested using 4 lipreading instruments plus measures of perceptual, cognitive, and linguistic abilities. RESULTS For both groups, lipreading performance improved with age on all 4 measures of lipreading, with the HL group performing better than the NH group. Scores from the 4 measures loaded strongly on a single principal component. Only age, hearing status, and visuospatial working memory were significant predictors of lipreading performance. CONCLUSIONS Results showed that children's lipreading ability is not fixed but rather improves between 7 and 14 years of age. The finding that children with HL lipread better than those with NH suggests experience plays an important role in the development of this ability. In addition to age and hearing status, visuospatial working memory predicts lipreading performance in children, just as it does in adults. Future research on the developmental time-course of lipreading could permit interventions and pedagogies to be targeted at periods in which improvement is most likely to occur.
本研究主要探讨了三个问题：（1）儿童的唇读能力是否会随年龄的增长而提高？（2）听力损失是否会影响唇读能力的发展？（3）个体间唇读能力的差异与其他能力有何关系？方法：40 名听力正常（NH）的儿童和 24 名听力损失（HL）的儿童接受了 4 种唇读仪器以及感知、认知和语言能力测试。结果：对于两组儿童来说，所有 4 种唇读测量方法的唇读能力都随年龄的增长而提高，HL 组的表现优于 NH 组。4 种测量方法的得分强烈地加载在一个单一的主成分上。只有年龄、听力状况和视空间工作记忆是唇读表现的显著预测因素。结论：研究结果表明，儿童的唇读能力不是固定不变的，而是在 7 至 14 岁之间提高的。HL 儿童的唇读能力优于 NH 儿童，这表明经验在这种能力的发展中起着重要作用。除了年龄和听力状况外，视空间工作记忆也可以预测儿童的唇读表现，这与成年人的情况相同。未来对唇读发展时间进程的研究可以使干预和教学方法针对最有可能发生提高的时期。
