Department of Psychology, Abo Akademi University, Center of Excellence for Behavior Genetics, Turku, Finland.
J Sex Res. 2009 Sep-Oct;46(5):494-504. doi: 10.1080/00224490902846487.
This study explores the relation between the level of current symptoms of depression and anxiety and recalled childhood gender atypical behavior (GAB), and quality of relationships with parents among men and women who reported same-sex sexual attraction or engaged in same-sex sexual behavior and men and women who did not. Matched pairs, 79 men (n = 158) and 148 women (n = 296), with equal levels of GAB were created of Finnish participants with either same-sex sexual attraction or behavior and participants without. The measures used were retrospective questionnaires. Ratings of maternal and paternal over-control and coldness differed as a function of same-sex sexual attraction or behavior. Childhood GAB was correlated with negative ratings of parental relationships. Both same-sex sexual attraction or behavior and a history of childhood GAB affected the reported levels of current depression and anxiety. Only gender typical participants with no same-sex sexual attraction or behavior reported significantly lower levels of symptoms. The findings suggest that childhood GAB is related to later distress both among hetero- and homosexual individuals. The elevated level of psychological distress among homosexual individuals, reported in several studies, might--to some extent--be caused by their generally higher levels of childhood GAB as opposed to a homosexual orientation per se.
本研究探讨了当前抑郁和焦虑症状水平与回忆中的儿童期性别非典型行为（GAB）以及与父母关系质量之间的关系，这些人报告了同性性吸引或同性性行为，以及没有报告同性性吸引或同性性行为的男性和女性。本研究对具有同性性吸引或行为的芬兰参与者和没有同性性吸引或行为的参与者进行了匹配对，共 79 名男性（n = 158）和 148 名女性（n = 296）。使用的测量方法是回顾性问卷。母亲和父亲过度控制和冷漠的评分因同性性吸引或行为而异。儿童期 GAB 与父母关系的负面评价有关。同性性吸引或行为以及儿童期 GAB 史均会影响当前抑郁和焦虑症状的报告水平。只有没有同性性吸引或行为的性别典型参与者报告的症状水平显著较低。研究结果表明，儿童期 GAB 与异性恋和同性恋个体的后期困扰有关。几项研究报告称，同性恋个体的心理困扰水平较高，这可能在一定程度上是由于他们普遍较高的儿童期 GAB 水平，而不是同性恋倾向本身。
