Bongalhardo D C, Leeson S, Buhr M M
Department of Animal & Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
Poult Sci. 2009 May;88(5):1060-9. doi: 10.3382/ps.2008-00392.
The present work aimed to compare the effect of dietary flax with other oil sources on rooster sperm membranes and on semen characteristics. White Leghorn roosters (16 per diet) were fed 1 of 4 treatments: control diet (CON), or a diet containing corn oil (CORN), fish oil (FISH), or flax seed (FLAX) as the lipid source. Semen from 4 birds (30 wk old) of each treatment was pooled, the sperm head (HM) and body membranes (BM) were isolated, and lipids were extracted and analyzed. Aspects of lipid composition tested were as follows: percentage of individual fatty acids (C14:0 to C24:1) in total fatty acids, percentage of fatty acid categories [saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated (PUFA), n-3 and n-6 PUFA, and n-6:n-3 ratio] within total fatty acids, and percentage of phospholipids [phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and sphingomyelin] in total phospholipids. Sperm characteristics evaluated were as follows: volume, concentration, viability, percentage of motile cells, average path velocity, track speed, progressive velocity, lateral head displacement, straightness, and linearity. Diet did not affect membrane phospholipid ratios in either membrane but modified major fatty acids within certain phospholipids. Birds fed FISH and CORN showed, respectively, the highest and the lowest n-3 in sperm, causing reciprocal significant changes in n-6:n-3 ratio. Feeding FLAX caused intermediate effects in n-3, with values significantly lower than FISH but higher than CORN in HM (PC, PE, and phosphatidylinositol) and PC in BM (P < 0.05). In the PE phospholipids, FISH, followed by FLAX, increased n-3 in BM and decreased n-6 PUFA in HM. Sperm concentration was specifically correlated with the amount of 20:4n-6 in FLAX and 22:4n-6 in CON. In FLAX diets, straightness correlated with C18:0, n-3, and n-6:n-3 ratio. Diets containing distinct lipid sources differentially modify the lipid contents of HM and BM, with minor effects on sperm characteristics. Flax seed produced changes similar to fish oil and could be used as a substitute.
本研究旨在比较日粮中的亚麻籽与其他油脂来源对公鸡精子膜及精液特性的影响。选用白来航公鸡（每种日粮16只），分别饲喂4种日粮处理中的1种：对照日粮（CON），或以玉米油（CORN）、鱼油（FISH）或亚麻籽（FLAX）作为脂质来源的日粮。将每种处理中4只（30周龄）公鸡的精液混合，分离精子头部（HM）和体膜（BM），提取并分析脂质。检测的脂质组成方面如下：总脂肪酸中各脂肪酸（C14:0至C24:1）的百分比、总脂肪酸中脂肪酸类别[饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）、n-3和n-6 PUFA以及n-6:n-3比值]的百分比，以及总磷脂中磷脂[磷脂酰胆碱（PC）、磷脂酰乙醇胺（PE）、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酰丝氨酸和鞘磷脂]的百分比。评估的精子特性如下：体积、浓度、活力、活动细胞百分比、平均路径速度、轨迹速度、前进速度、头部侧向位移、直线性和线性度。日粮对两种膜中的膜磷脂比例均无影响，但改变了某些磷脂中的主要脂肪酸。饲喂FISH和CORN的公鸡精子中n-3含量分别最高和最低，导致n-6:n-3比值发生相反的显著变化。饲喂FLAX对n-3产生中等影响，在HM（PC、PE和磷脂酰肌醇）和BM中的PC中，其值显著低于FISH但高于CORN（P<0.05）。在PE磷脂中，FISH之后是FLAX，增加了BM中的n-3并降低了HM中的n-6 PUFA。精子浓度与FLAX中的20:4n-6含量和CON中的22:4n-6含量具体相关。在FLAX日粮中，直线性与C18:0、n-3和n-6:n-3比值相关。含有不同脂质来源的日粮对HM和BM的脂质含量有不同程度的影响，对精子特性的影响较小。亚麻籽产生的变化与鱼油相似，可作为替代品使用。
