Wilson Gregory J, Maki Jeffrey H
Department of Radiology (AA010-J), University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH, USA.
Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2009 Feb;17(1):13-27. doi: 10.1016/j.mric.2009.01.002.
Balanced steady-state free precession (Bal-SSFP) techniques produce excellent anatomic images of renal arteries without the use of contrast agents and are relatively flow-insensitive. Electrocardiography (ECG)-triggered and non-ECG-triggered sequences have been shown to be quite sensitive for detection of regional arterial stenosis (RAS), and the already high specificity is likely to increase with further refinement of the techniques. Bal-SSFP sequences can be used as a screening tool or as an alternative to contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) when contrast agents are contraindicated. In addition to morphologic imaging of RAS, non-CE techniques can be used in functional assessment of hemodynamic significance. The complimentary tools can be used alone or in combination with CE-MRA for MR imaging of renal vascular hypertension.
平衡稳态自由进动（Bal-SSFP）技术无需使用造影剂就能生成出色的肾动脉解剖图像，且对血流相对不敏感。心电图（ECG）触发和非ECG触发序列已被证明对检测局部动脉狭窄（RAS）相当敏感，并且随着技术的进一步完善，原本就很高的特异性可能还会提高。当造影剂禁忌时，Bal-SSFP序列可用作筛查工具或作为对比增强（CE）磁共振血管造影（MRA）的替代方法。除了对RAS进行形态学成像外，非CE技术还可用于血流动力学意义的功能评估。这些辅助工具可单独使用，也可与CE-MRA联合用于肾血管性高血压的磁共振成像。
